@article{2d08391a50b040e08f22ff5b321f5ea6,
title = "A mosquito small RNA genomics resource reveals dynamic evolution and host responses to viruses and transposons",
abstract = "Although mosquitoes are major transmission vectors for pathogenic arboviruses, viral infection has little impact on mosquito health. This immunity is caused in part by mosquito RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that generate antiviral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). RNAi also maintains genome integrity by potently repressing mosquito transposon activity in the germline and soma. However, viral and transposon small RNA regulatory pathways have not been systematically examined together in mosquitoes. Therefore, we developed an integrated mosquito small RNA genomics (MSRG) resource that analyzes the transposon and virus small RNA profiles in mosquito cell cultures and somatic and gonadal tissues across four medically important mosquito species. Our resource captures both somatic and gonadal small RNA expression profiles within mosquito cell cultures, and we report the evolutionary dynamics of a novel Mosquito-Conserved piRNA Cluster Locus (MCpiRCL) made up of satellite DNA repeats. In the larger culicine mosquito genomes we detected highly regular periodicity in piRNA biogenesis patterns coinciding with the expansion of Piwi pathway genes. Finally, our resource enables detection of cross talk between piRNA and siRNA populations in mosquito cells during a response to virus infection. The MSRG resource will aid efforts to dissect and combat the capacity of mosquitoes to tolerate and spread arboviruses.",
author = "Qicheng Ma and Srivastav, {Satyam P.} and Stephanie Gamez and Gargi Dayama and Fabiana Feitosa-Suntheimer and Patterson, {Edward I.} and Johnson, {Rebecca M.} and Matson, {Erik M.} and Gold, {Alexander S.} and Brackney, {Douglas E.} and Connor, {John H.} and Colpitts, {Tonya M.} and Hughes, {Grant L.} and Rasgon, {Jason L.} and Tony Nolan and Akbari, {Omar S.} and Lau, {Nelson C.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Ildar Gainetdinov and Phil Zamore for assistance with the piRNA phasing code; Jullien Flynn for analyzing the AeAlbo genome with RepeatModeler v2; and Dianne Schwarz and Mohsan Saeed for comments on the manuscript. All mosquito images in Figure 1 were public domain images from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) government websites. This work was supported by NIH grants R01-AG052465, R21-HD088792, and R01-GM135215 to N.C.L.; NIH grants R01-AI128201, R01-AI116636, and R01-AI150251 to J.L.R.; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Safe Genes Program Grant (HR0011-17-2-0047) and an NIH New Innovator Award (1DP2AI152071-01) to O.S.A.; National Funding Information: Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratory (NEIDL) Pilot funds and Office of Extramural Research, NIH grant R21AI129881 to T.M.C.; NIH grants R21NS101151 and R21AI121933-01 to J.H.C.; the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Director{\textquoteright}s Catalyst Fund award to E.I.P.; NIH grants R21AI129507 and R21AI138074, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/T001240/1), and a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship (RSWF\R1\180013) to G.L.H.; grants from BBSRC Network Grant “ANTI-VeC” (AV/PP0020/1) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to T.N. D.E.B. was also supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number U01CK000509, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Ma et al.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1101/GR.265157.120",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "31",
pages = "512--528",
journal = "Genome Research",
issn = "1088-9051",
publisher = "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press",
number = "3",
}