Abstract
Deep learning methods, in particular, trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been shown to produce compelling results for single image super-resolution (SR). Invariably, a CNN is learned to map the low resolution (LR) image to its corresponding high resolution (HR) version in the spatial domain. We propose a novel network structure for learning the SR mapping function in an image transform domain, specifically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). As the first contribution, we show that DCT can be integrated into the network structure as a convolutional DCT (CDCT) layer. With the CDCT layer, we construct the DCT deep SR (DCT-DSR) network. We further extend the DCT-DSR to allow the CDCT layer to become trainable (i.e., optimizable). Because this layer represents an image transform, we enforce pairwise orthogonality constraints and newly formulated complexity order constraints on the individual basis functions/filters. This orthogonally regularized deep SR network (ORDSR) simplifies the SR task by taking advantage of image transform domain while adapting the design of transform basis to the training image set. The experimental results show ORDSR achieves state-of-the-art SR image quality with fewer parameters than most of the deep CNN methods. A particular success of ORDSR is in overcoming the artifacts introduced by bicubic interpolation. A key burden of deep SR has been identified as the requirement of generous training LR and HR image pairs; ORSDR exhibits a much more graceful degradation as training size is reduced with significant benefits in the regime of limited training. Analysis of memory and computation requirements confirms that ORDSR can allow for a more efficient network with faster inference.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 8704993 |
| Pages (from-to) | 4685-4700 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 2019 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Software
- Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
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Adaptive Transform Domain Image Super-Resolution via Orthogonally Regularized Deep Networks. / Guo, Tiantong; Mousavi, Hojjat Seyed; Monga, Vishal.
In: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 28, No. 9, 8704993, 09.2019, p. 4685-4700.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Adaptive Transform Domain Image Super-Resolution via Orthogonally Regularized Deep Networks
AU - Guo, Tiantong
AU - Mousavi, Hojjat Seyed
AU - Monga, Vishal
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Deep learning methods, in particular, trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been shown to produce compelling results for single image super-resolution (SR). Invariably, a CNN is learned to map the low resolution (LR) image to its corresponding high resolution (HR) version in the spatial domain. We propose a novel network structure for learning the SR mapping function in an image transform domain, specifically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). As the first contribution, we show that DCT can be integrated into the network structure as a convolutional DCT (CDCT) layer. With the CDCT layer, we construct the DCT deep SR (DCT-DSR) network. We further extend the DCT-DSR to allow the CDCT layer to become trainable (i.e., optimizable). Because this layer represents an image transform, we enforce pairwise orthogonality constraints and newly formulated complexity order constraints on the individual basis functions/filters. This orthogonally regularized deep SR network (ORDSR) simplifies the SR task by taking advantage of image transform domain while adapting the design of transform basis to the training image set. The experimental results show ORDSR achieves state-of-the-art SR image quality with fewer parameters than most of the deep CNN methods. A particular success of ORDSR is in overcoming the artifacts introduced by bicubic interpolation. A key burden of deep SR has been identified as the requirement of generous training LR and HR image pairs; ORSDR exhibits a much more graceful degradation as training size is reduced with significant benefits in the regime of limited training. Analysis of memory and computation requirements confirms that ORDSR can allow for a more efficient network with faster inference.
AB - Deep learning methods, in particular, trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been shown to produce compelling results for single image super-resolution (SR). Invariably, a CNN is learned to map the low resolution (LR) image to its corresponding high resolution (HR) version in the spatial domain. We propose a novel network structure for learning the SR mapping function in an image transform domain, specifically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). As the first contribution, we show that DCT can be integrated into the network structure as a convolutional DCT (CDCT) layer. With the CDCT layer, we construct the DCT deep SR (DCT-DSR) network. We further extend the DCT-DSR to allow the CDCT layer to become trainable (i.e., optimizable). Because this layer represents an image transform, we enforce pairwise orthogonality constraints and newly formulated complexity order constraints on the individual basis functions/filters. This orthogonally regularized deep SR network (ORDSR) simplifies the SR task by taking advantage of image transform domain while adapting the design of transform basis to the training image set. The experimental results show ORDSR achieves state-of-the-art SR image quality with fewer parameters than most of the deep CNN methods. A particular success of ORDSR is in overcoming the artifacts introduced by bicubic interpolation. A key burden of deep SR has been identified as the requirement of generous training LR and HR image pairs; ORSDR exhibits a much more graceful degradation as training size is reduced with significant benefits in the regime of limited training. Analysis of memory and computation requirements confirms that ORDSR can allow for a more efficient network with faster inference.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069775108&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069775108&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TIP.2019.2913500
DO - 10.1109/TIP.2019.2913500
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069775108
VL - 28
SP - 4685
EP - 4700
JO - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
SN - 1057-7149
IS - 9
M1 - 8704993
ER -