TY - JOUR
T1 - Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers - A review
AU - Zhang, Shujun
AU - Li, Fei
AU - Jiang, Xiaoning
AU - Kim, Jinwook
AU - Luo, Jun
AU - Geng, Xuecang
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by ONR under Grant No. N000141211043 and NIH under Grant No. 2P41EB002182-15A1.O . Authors from NC State (X. Jiang and J. Kim) acknowledge the partial financial support from NIH under the Grant No. 1R01EB015508 . The authors would like to thank Prof. Thomas R. Shrout for the helpful discussion and strong support, Dr. Wally A. Smith, Dr. Carl C. M. Wu and Dr. Ming-Jen Pan for their continuous supports, Dr. Wesley Hackenberger for his support, Prof. Wenhua Jiang for the discussion on face shear vibration, Ms. Yue Sun for the help on the schematic figures, Ms. Christie Jiang for the proof-reading.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2015/3
Y1 - 2015/3
N2 - Relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ferroelectric crystals with the perovskite structure have been investigated over the last few decades due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 > 1500 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factors (k33 > 90%), far outperforming state-of-the-art ferroelectric polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, and are at the forefront of advanced electroacoustic applications. In this review, the performance merits of relaxor-PT crystals in various electroacoustic devices are presented from a piezoelectric material viewpoint. Opportunities come from not only the ultrahigh properties, specifically coupling and piezoelectric coefficients, but through novel vibration modes and crystallographic/domain engineering. Figure of merits (FOMs) of crystals with various compositions and phases were established for various applications, including medical ultrasonic transducers, underwater transducers, acoustic sensors and tweezers. For each device application, recent developments in relaxor-PT ferroelectric crystals were surveyed and compared with state-of-the-art polycrystalline piezoelectrics, with an emphasis on their strong anisotropic features and crystallographic uniqueness, including engineered domain-property relationships. This review starts with an introduction on electroacoustic transducers and the history of piezoelectric materials. The development of the high performance relaxor-PT single crystals, with a focus on their uniqueness in transducer applications, is then discussed. In the third part, various FOMs of piezoelectric materials for a wide range of ultrasound applications, including diagnostic ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, underwater acoustic and passive sensors, tactile sensors, acoustic tweezers and ultrasonic motors, are evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the materials' behavior under operational conditions. Structure-property-performance relationships are then established. Finally, the impacts and challenges of relaxor-PT crystals are summarized to guide on-going and future research in the development of relaxor-PT crystals for the next generation electroacoustic transducers.
AB - Relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ferroelectric crystals with the perovskite structure have been investigated over the last few decades due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 > 1500 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factors (k33 > 90%), far outperforming state-of-the-art ferroelectric polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, and are at the forefront of advanced electroacoustic applications. In this review, the performance merits of relaxor-PT crystals in various electroacoustic devices are presented from a piezoelectric material viewpoint. Opportunities come from not only the ultrahigh properties, specifically coupling and piezoelectric coefficients, but through novel vibration modes and crystallographic/domain engineering. Figure of merits (FOMs) of crystals with various compositions and phases were established for various applications, including medical ultrasonic transducers, underwater transducers, acoustic sensors and tweezers. For each device application, recent developments in relaxor-PT ferroelectric crystals were surveyed and compared with state-of-the-art polycrystalline piezoelectrics, with an emphasis on their strong anisotropic features and crystallographic uniqueness, including engineered domain-property relationships. This review starts with an introduction on electroacoustic transducers and the history of piezoelectric materials. The development of the high performance relaxor-PT single crystals, with a focus on their uniqueness in transducer applications, is then discussed. In the third part, various FOMs of piezoelectric materials for a wide range of ultrasound applications, including diagnostic ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, underwater acoustic and passive sensors, tactile sensors, acoustic tweezers and ultrasonic motors, are evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the materials' behavior under operational conditions. Structure-property-performance relationships are then established. Finally, the impacts and challenges of relaxor-PT crystals are summarized to guide on-going and future research in the development of relaxor-PT crystals for the next generation electroacoustic transducers.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.10.002
DO - 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.10.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25530641
AN - SCOPUS:84911166788
SN - 0079-6425
VL - 68
SP - 1
EP - 66
JO - Progress in Materials Science
JF - Progress in Materials Science
ER -