@article{82d50f2d158b4e249ce81c8104e4d8ce,
title = "An Experimental Study of the Effects of Patient Race, Sexual Orientation, and Injection Drug Use on Providers{\textquoteright} PrEP-Related Clinical Judgments",
abstract = "Social biases may influence providers{\textquoteright} judgments related to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and patients{\textquoteright} consequent PrEP access. US primary and HIV care providers (n = 370) completed an experimental survey. Each provider reviewed one fictitious medical record of a patient seeking PrEP. Records varied by patient race (Black or White) and risk behavior (man who has sex with men [MSM], has sex with women [MSW], or injects drugs [MID]). Providers reported clinical judgments and completed measures of prejudice. Minimal evidence of racially biased judgments emerged. Providers expressing low-to-moderate sexual prejudice judged the MSM as more likely than the MSW to adhere to PrEP, which was associated with greater PrEP prescribing intention; sexual prejudice was negatively associated with anticipated MSM adherence. Providers judged the MID to be at higher risk, less likely to adhere, less safety-conscious, and less responsible than both the MSM and MSW; adverse adherence and responsibility judgments were associated with lower prescribing intention.",
author = "Calabrese, {Sarah K.} and Kalwicz, {David A.} and Djordje Modrakovic and Earnshaw, {Valerie A.} and Edelman, {E. Jennifer} and Bunting, {Samuel R.} and {del R{\'i}o-Gonz{\'a}lez}, {Ana Mar{\'i}a} and Manya Magnus and Mayer, {Kenneth H.} and Hansen, {Nathan B.} and Kershaw, {Trace S.} and Rosenberger, {Joshua G.} and Krakower, {Douglas S.} and Dovidio, {John F.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant No. NIMH; K01-MH103080; PI: S.K. Calabrese). Resources and support were contributed by the Yale University Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (Grant No. P30-MH062294), the District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research (Grant No. P30-AI117970), and the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (Grant No. P30-AI060354), all funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH or the NIH. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to the providers who generously dedicated their time and effort to study participation. We are also grateful to the American Academy of HIV Medicine, the Society of General Internal Medicine, and the other professional organizations that assisted with recruitment. Funding Information: SKC, KHM, and DSK have received compensation for their efforts in developing and/or delivering medical education related to PrEP. SKC received partial financial support from Gilead Sciences to attend a research conference. KHM has conducted research with unrestricted project support from Gilead Sciences, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare. DSK has been a consultant to Fenway Health for research studies funded by Gilead Sciences and has a pending grant with unrestricted project support from Merck. The authors have no other relevant financial or non-fianical interests to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
doi = "10.1007/s10461-021-03495-3",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "26",
pages = "1393--1421",
journal = "AIDS and Behavior",
issn = "1090-7165",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "5",
}
