TY - JOUR
T1 - An Exploration into the Bacterial Community under Different Pasteurization Conditions during Substrate Preparation (Composting–Phase II) for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation
AU - Vieira, Fabricio Rocha
AU - Pecchia, John Andrew
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES?No. 005707/2012-05) and Penn State Mushroom Industry Endowment (Penn State University, USA). Thanks to Carl Schlagnhaufer for help during DNA extraction and amplification as well the Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology at Penn State University for providing lab space and instruments. Sequence data for this study is deposited in NCBI SRA (Sequence Read Archive) under BioProject accession PRJNA377263 and will be available upon publication. J.A.P. and F.R.V. conceived and designed the experiments. F.R.V and J.A.P. performed the experiments. F.R.V. analyzed the data. J.A.P. contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. F.R.V. and J.A.P. wrote the paper.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This project was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES–No. 005707/ 2012-05) and Penn State Mushroom Industry Endowment (Penn State University, USA). Thanks to Carl Schlagnhaufer for help during DNA extraction and amplification as well the Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology at Penn State University for providing lab space and instruments. Sequence data for this study is deposited in NCBI SRA (Sequence Read Archive) under BioProject accession PRJNA377263 and will be available upon publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
PY - 2018/2/1
Y1 - 2018/2/1
N2 - Substrate preparation (i.e., composting) for Agaricus bisporus cultivation is the most critical point of mushroom production. Among many factors involved in the composting process, the microbial ecology of the system is the underlying drive of composting and can be influenced by composting management techniques. Pasteurization temperature at the beginning of phase II, in theory, may influence the bacterial community and subsequently the “selectivity” and nutrition of the final substrate. Therefore, this hypothesis was tested by simulation in bioreactors under different pasteurization conditions (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h), simulating conditions adopted by many producers. Bacterial diversity, based on 16S ribosomal RNA obtained by high-throughput sequencing and classified in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was greater than previously reported using culture-dependent methods. Alpha diversity estimators show a lower diversity of OTUs under a high-temperature pasteurization condition. Bacillales order shows a relatively higher OTU abundance under a high-pasteurization temperature, which also was related to high ammonia emission measurements. On the other hand, beta diversity analysis showed no significantly changes in the bacterial community structure under different conditions. Agaricus bisporus mycelium growth during a standard spawn run period was significantly slower in the compost pasteurized at high temperature. Since the bacterial community structure was not greatly affected by different pasteurization conditions but by-products left (e.g., ammonia) at the end of compost conditioning varied, further studies need to be conducted to determine the functional role of the microbial communities found during substrate preparation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.
AB - Substrate preparation (i.e., composting) for Agaricus bisporus cultivation is the most critical point of mushroom production. Among many factors involved in the composting process, the microbial ecology of the system is the underlying drive of composting and can be influenced by composting management techniques. Pasteurization temperature at the beginning of phase II, in theory, may influence the bacterial community and subsequently the “selectivity” and nutrition of the final substrate. Therefore, this hypothesis was tested by simulation in bioreactors under different pasteurization conditions (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h), simulating conditions adopted by many producers. Bacterial diversity, based on 16S ribosomal RNA obtained by high-throughput sequencing and classified in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was greater than previously reported using culture-dependent methods. Alpha diversity estimators show a lower diversity of OTUs under a high-temperature pasteurization condition. Bacillales order shows a relatively higher OTU abundance under a high-pasteurization temperature, which also was related to high ammonia emission measurements. On the other hand, beta diversity analysis showed no significantly changes in the bacterial community structure under different conditions. Agaricus bisporus mycelium growth during a standard spawn run period was significantly slower in the compost pasteurized at high temperature. Since the bacterial community structure was not greatly affected by different pasteurization conditions but by-products left (e.g., ammonia) at the end of compost conditioning varied, further studies need to be conducted to determine the functional role of the microbial communities found during substrate preparation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00248-017-1026-7
DO - 10.1007/s00248-017-1026-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 28730353
AN - SCOPUS:85025174426
VL - 75
SP - 318
EP - 330
JO - Microbial Ecology
JF - Microbial Ecology
SN - 0095-3628
IS - 2
ER -