@article{5b0437193ab242bb9c370674fb563c03,
title = "Changes in subjective motivation and effort during sleep restriction moderate interindividual differences in attentional performance in healthy young men",
abstract = "Purpose: The effects of sleep restriction on subjective alertness, motivation, and effort vary among individuals and may explain interindividual differences in attention during sleep restriction. We investigated whether individuals with a greater decrease in subjective alertness or motivation, or a greater increase in subjective effort (versus other participants), demonstrated poorer attention when sleep restricted. Participants and Methods: Fifteen healthy men (M±SD, 22.3±2.8 years) completed a study with three nights of 10-hour time in bed (baseline), five nights of 5-hour time in bed (sleep restriction), and two nights of 10-hour time in bed (recovery). Participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) of sustained attention and rated alertness, motivation, and effort every two hours during wake (range: 3–9 administrations on a given day). Analyses examined performance across the study (first two days excluded) moderated by per-participant change in subjective alertness, motivation, or effort from baseline to sleep restriction. For significant interactions, we investigated the effect of study day2 (day*day) on the outcome at low (mean−1 SD) and high (mean+1 SD) levels of the moderator (N = 15, all analyses). Results: False starts increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported lower (mean−1 SD) but not preserved (mean+1 SD) motivation during sleep restriction. Lapses increased across sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective motivation, with a more pronounced increase in participants who reported lower versus preserved motivation. Lapses increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported higher (mean+1 SD) but not preserved (mean−1 SD) effort during sleep restriction. Change in subjective alertness did not moderate the effects of sleep restriction on attention. Conclusion: Vigilance declines during sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective alertness or motivation, but individuals with reduced motivation exhibit poorer inhibition. Individuals with preserved subjective alertness still perform poorly during sleep restriction, while those reporting additional effort demonstrate impaired vigilance.",
author = "Mathew, {Gina Marie} and Strayer, {Stephen M.} and Bailey, {David S.} and Katherine Buzzell and Ness, {Kelly M.} and Schade, {Margeaux M.} and Nahmod, {Nicole G.} and Buxton, {Orfeu M.} and Chang, {Anne Marie}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (PI: A-M.C.) and by funds from the College of Health and Human Development at the Pennsylvania State University (to A-M.C. and O.M.B.). The Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey platform and the Clinical Research Center are supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through grants UL1 TR002014 and UL1 TR00045. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Funding Information: This study was supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Institute (PI: A-M.C.) and by funds from the College of Health and Human Development at the Pennsylvania State University (to A-M.C. and O.M.B.). The Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey platform and the Clinical Research Center are supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through grants UL1 TR002014 and UL1 TR00045. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.We would like to thank the individuals who participated in the 11-day in-lab study. We also thank the staff of the Clinical Research Center, study collaborators, and research assistants working in the laboratory. Current address for David Scott Bailey: College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA, USA. Current address for Katherine Buzzell: Department of Nursing, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Current address for Kelly M. Ness: Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA. Current address for Nicole G. Nahmod: Department of Medical Science, Arcadia University, College of Health Sciences, Glenside, PA, USA. Funding Information: None of the authors have conflicts of interests related to the material presented. Outside of the current work, O.M. B. received subcontract grants to Pennsylvania State University from Proactive Life (formerly Mobile Sleep Technologies) doing business as SleepSpace (National Science Foundation grant #1,622,766 and NIH/National Institute on Aging Small Business Innovation Research Program R43AG056250, R44 AG056250), honoraria/travel support for lectures from Boston University, Boston College, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, New York University, and Allstate{\textregistered}, consulting fees from Sleep Number, and an honorarium for his role as the Editor-in-Chief of Sleep Health (sleephealthjournal.org). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Mathew et al.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.2147/NSS.S294409",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "13",
pages = "1117--1136",
journal = "Nature and Science of Sleep",
issn = "1179-1608",
publisher = "Dove Medical Press Ltd.",
}