@article{b31e962be6cf47b4aefb9dbc5778a401,
title = "Characterizing damage modes and size effects in high-strength concrete under hydrostatic and triaxial stress states using X-ray microtomography",
abstract = "Damage modes are drastically different for concrete under complex stress states. This study investigates damage in high-strength concrete under triaxial loading with confinement pressures up to 200 MPa, while also considering effects from changes in specimen length-to-diameter ratio. Damage was observed and segmented using X-ray microtomography. Hydrostatic pressures up to 200 MPa were fully reversible and caused no detectable damage, thus triaxial deviator stresses dictated damage extent. Brittle failure modes produced shear cracks at angles of 25-30° that became more distributed with increased confinement. Ductile failure modes observed pore collapse with residual strengths being ∼30–50% of pristine strengths.",
author = "Brett Williams and Anna Madra and William Heard and Steven Graham and Michael Grotke and Michael Hillman and Xu Nie",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the following ERDC personnel for their contributions to this research, i.e. Robert Moser and Jesse Sherburn for assistance in proposal development, Kerry Ratliff for support in triaxial testing, Jason Morson and Terry Smith for their assistance with specimen preparation, and Mickey Blackmon and Christopher Ables for machining components to conduct triaxial experiments. We also thank Bradley Martin from the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center for assistance in proposal development. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, are based on work conducted by the U.S. Army ERDC. Permission was granted by the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory to publish this information. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125338",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "311",
journal = "Construction and Building Materials",
issn = "0950-0618",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}