TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of POCIS and grab sampling techniques for monitoring PPCPs in vernal pools in central Pennsylvania
AU - Hayden, Kathryn R.
AU - Preisendanz, Heather E.
AU - Elkin, Kyle R.
AU - Saleh, Laura B.
AU - Weikel, Jamie
AU - Veith, Tamie L.
AU - Elliott, Herschel A.
AU - Watson, John E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by The Pennsylvania State University Office of the Physical Plant. The authors wish to thank Office of the Physical Plant staff, including David Swisher, Joshua Gates, and James Loughran for their assistance coordinating sampling and field work activities. Further, the authors wish to thank Environmental Sampling Technologies (EST) Lab for assistance in understanding how to process their POCIS membranes. The authors also extend thanks to Joseph Chandler, Melanie Nowin, Jason Maron, and Jeremy Harper for help collecting samples and setting up the monitoring and sampling equipment at all six vernal pool study sites. Finally, the authors wish to thank staff from the State Game Lands 176 for accepting a permit to study three vernal pools at Scotia Barrens. H.E. Preisendanz, H.A. Elliott, and J.E. Watson are supported, in part, by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04574 and Accession number 1004448. H.E. Preisendanz is also supported, in part, by the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment. The findings and conclusions of this research do not necessary reflect the view of The Pennsylvania State University or the US Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by The Pennsylvania State University or the US Department of Agriculture. All entities involved are equal opportunity providers and employers.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by The Pennsylvania State University Office of the Physical Plant. The authors wish to thank Office of the Physical Plant staff, including David Swisher, Joshua Gates, and James Loughran for their assistance coordinating sampling and field work activities. Further, the authors wish to thank Environmental Sampling Technologies (EST) Lab for assistance in understanding how to process their POCIS membranes. The authors also extend thanks to Joseph Chandler, Melanie Nowin, Jason Maron, and Jeremy Harper for help collecting samples and setting up the monitoring and sampling equipment at all six vernal pool study sites. Finally, the authors wish to thank staff from the State Game Lands 176 for accepting a permit to study three vernal pools at Scotia Barrens.
Funding Information:
H.E. Preisendanz, H.A. Elliott, and J.E. Watson are supported, in part, by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04574 and Accession number 1004448. H.E. Preisendanz is also supported, in part, by the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - Active ingredients in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) can persist through wastewater treatment plants and be released into the environment where they can inadvertently pose risks to non-target organisms. Emerging contaminants (ECs), including PPCPs, are commonly detected in wastewater effluent. With the increasing beneficial re-use of treated wastewater globally, there is a need to understand how spray-irrigation activities affect the occurrence and persistence of ECs in the environment to which they are introduced. Here, we explore the impacts of wastewater spray-irrigation on nearby ephemeral wetlands (e.g., vernal pools) through the use of grab and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampling (POCIS) techniques. This study sought to determine whether integrative sampling techniques are better suited than traditional grab sampling techniques in assessing the presence and concentrations of ECs in vernal pools by evaluating 34 ECs in six vernal pools in central Pennsylvania. Three pools were impacted by wastewater spray-irrigation activities and three were in a nearby forested area. Results of this study found that POCIS detected a wide range of 25 ECs (log Kow between −2.6 and 9.37) more or, in some cases, equally frequently, relative to grab samples. Additionally, grab samples were found to best capture short-lived elevated inputs of ECs (from irrigation events) while POCIS were found to best capture ECs that were present in vernal pools over a longer period of time (weeks to months). For ECs detected more frequently in grab samples, concentrations were higher compared to time weighted average aqueous concentrations estimated from POCIS. This study advances understanding of the potential impact of wastewater beneficial reuse on vernal pools and informs how best to monitor the presence of ECs in vernal pools using integrative and grab sampling techniques.
AB - Active ingredients in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) can persist through wastewater treatment plants and be released into the environment where they can inadvertently pose risks to non-target organisms. Emerging contaminants (ECs), including PPCPs, are commonly detected in wastewater effluent. With the increasing beneficial re-use of treated wastewater globally, there is a need to understand how spray-irrigation activities affect the occurrence and persistence of ECs in the environment to which they are introduced. Here, we explore the impacts of wastewater spray-irrigation on nearby ephemeral wetlands (e.g., vernal pools) through the use of grab and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampling (POCIS) techniques. This study sought to determine whether integrative sampling techniques are better suited than traditional grab sampling techniques in assessing the presence and concentrations of ECs in vernal pools by evaluating 34 ECs in six vernal pools in central Pennsylvania. Three pools were impacted by wastewater spray-irrigation activities and three were in a nearby forested area. Results of this study found that POCIS detected a wide range of 25 ECs (log Kow between −2.6 and 9.37) more or, in some cases, equally frequently, relative to grab samples. Additionally, grab samples were found to best capture short-lived elevated inputs of ECs (from irrigation events) while POCIS were found to best capture ECs that were present in vernal pools over a longer period of time (weeks to months). For ECs detected more frequently in grab samples, concentrations were higher compared to time weighted average aqueous concentrations estimated from POCIS. This study advances understanding of the potential impact of wastewater beneficial reuse on vernal pools and informs how best to monitor the presence of ECs in vernal pools using integrative and grab sampling techniques.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116353211&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85116353211&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150607
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150607
M3 - Article
C2 - 34597549
AN - SCOPUS:85116353211
VL - 806
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 150607
ER -