Abstract
Levee construction results in the systematic replumbing of river systems and reduces the frequency of floodplain inundation, which impacts nutrient delivery and transformations in floodplains. Floodplain restoration via levee removal affects downstream water quality by restoring soil microbial metabolic pathways such as denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Although these metabolisms are important for the nitrogen cycle, few studies have quantified the contribution of all three pathways to nitrate retention or loss in restored floodplains. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relevance of denitrification, anammox and DNRA to nitrogen retention, characterize the hydrologic conditions most favorable to each pathway, and estimate the potential for floodplain restoration to improve nitrogen cycling in the Cosumnes River watershed. To address these goals, we simulated flood conditions in soil mesocosms collected from two floodplains where levees were breached in 1997 and 2014 along the Lower Cosumnes River in the San Joaquin Basin of California. River water enriched with K 15 NO 3 tracer was pumped into each mesocosm at a constant rate for a period of 3 months. Samples were collected from the surface water and soil pore water for measurements of NO 3 − , NO 2 − , and NH 4 + concentrations, and δ 15 N of dissolved gases (N 2 and N 2 O). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the highest relative contribution to N 2 production due to anammox for freshwater systems (41 to 84%) to date. High anammox rates were associated with heterogeneous grain size distribution across depth and high nitrification rates. We quantify the capacity of restored floodplain soils with distinct textural and chemical characteristics to retain or release nitrogen during large and small floods in a particular water year.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 979-994 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Science of the Total Environment |
| Volume | 649 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 1 2019 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Pollution
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Controls on nitrogen transformation rates on restored floodplains along the Cosumnes River, California. / Hoagland, B.; Schmidt, C.; Russo, Tess Alethea; Adams, R.; Kaye, Jason Philip.
In: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 649, 01.02.2019, p. 979-994.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Controls on nitrogen transformation rates on restored floodplains along the Cosumnes River, California
AU - Hoagland, B.
AU - Schmidt, C.
AU - Russo, Tess Alethea
AU - Adams, R.
AU - Kaye, Jason Philip
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Levee construction results in the systematic replumbing of river systems and reduces the frequency of floodplain inundation, which impacts nutrient delivery and transformations in floodplains. Floodplain restoration via levee removal affects downstream water quality by restoring soil microbial metabolic pathways such as denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Although these metabolisms are important for the nitrogen cycle, few studies have quantified the contribution of all three pathways to nitrate retention or loss in restored floodplains. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relevance of denitrification, anammox and DNRA to nitrogen retention, characterize the hydrologic conditions most favorable to each pathway, and estimate the potential for floodplain restoration to improve nitrogen cycling in the Cosumnes River watershed. To address these goals, we simulated flood conditions in soil mesocosms collected from two floodplains where levees were breached in 1997 and 2014 along the Lower Cosumnes River in the San Joaquin Basin of California. River water enriched with K 15 NO 3 tracer was pumped into each mesocosm at a constant rate for a period of 3 months. Samples were collected from the surface water and soil pore water for measurements of NO 3 − , NO 2 − , and NH 4 + concentrations, and δ 15 N of dissolved gases (N 2 and N 2 O). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the highest relative contribution to N 2 production due to anammox for freshwater systems (41 to 84%) to date. High anammox rates were associated with heterogeneous grain size distribution across depth and high nitrification rates. We quantify the capacity of restored floodplain soils with distinct textural and chemical characteristics to retain or release nitrogen during large and small floods in a particular water year.
AB - Levee construction results in the systematic replumbing of river systems and reduces the frequency of floodplain inundation, which impacts nutrient delivery and transformations in floodplains. Floodplain restoration via levee removal affects downstream water quality by restoring soil microbial metabolic pathways such as denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Although these metabolisms are important for the nitrogen cycle, few studies have quantified the contribution of all three pathways to nitrate retention or loss in restored floodplains. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relevance of denitrification, anammox and DNRA to nitrogen retention, characterize the hydrologic conditions most favorable to each pathway, and estimate the potential for floodplain restoration to improve nitrogen cycling in the Cosumnes River watershed. To address these goals, we simulated flood conditions in soil mesocosms collected from two floodplains where levees were breached in 1997 and 2014 along the Lower Cosumnes River in the San Joaquin Basin of California. River water enriched with K 15 NO 3 tracer was pumped into each mesocosm at a constant rate for a period of 3 months. Samples were collected from the surface water and soil pore water for measurements of NO 3 − , NO 2 − , and NH 4 + concentrations, and δ 15 N of dissolved gases (N 2 and N 2 O). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the highest relative contribution to N 2 production due to anammox for freshwater systems (41 to 84%) to date. High anammox rates were associated with heterogeneous grain size distribution across depth and high nitrification rates. We quantify the capacity of restored floodplain soils with distinct textural and chemical characteristics to retain or release nitrogen during large and small floods in a particular water year.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052650710&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85052650710&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.379
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.379
M3 - Article
C2 - 30179826
AN - SCOPUS:85052650710
VL - 649
SP - 979
EP - 994
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
ER -