TY - JOUR
T1 - Detection of MPTP-Induced Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity in Rhesus Monkeys by Transcranial Ultrasound
AU - Subramanian, Thyagarajan
AU - Lieu, Christopher A.
AU - Guttalu, Kumaraswamy
AU - Berg, Daniela
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded in part by the following grants to Thyagarajan Subramanian: NIHRO1NS42402 , HRSADIBTH06321 and a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco Settlement Funds . The Pennsylvania Department of Health specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions. The authors also acknowledge partial funding of this project by the Penn State University Brain Repair Fund and the Penn State University Herkheimer Fund for Stroke.
PY - 2010/4
Y1 - 2010/4
N2 - Detection of substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity by transcranial ultrasound has been proposed as a putative biomarker to differentiate between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and other forms of parkinsonism. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of using transcranial ultrasound to detect SN echogenicity in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated Rhesus monkeys, a well-established model of PD. All animals had natural temporal bone windows for transcranial sonography. We could show that it is possible to visualize major brain landmarks including the " butterfly shaped" midbrain, basal cisterns, third and lateral ventricles in all animals by transcranial ultrasound. Blinded assessments showed that all normal monkeys had no SN hyperechogenicity. Bilaterally parkinsonian (overlesioned) monkeys showed hyperechogenicity of both SN, whereas right hemiparkinsonian monkeys only showed left nigral hyperechogenicity. These findings confirm the feasibility of transcranial ultrasound to detect SN hyperechogenicity in MPTP-treated Rhesus monkeys and suggest that this animal model may provide a platform for understanding the pathophysiologic basis of nigral hyperechogenicity.
AB - Detection of substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity by transcranial ultrasound has been proposed as a putative biomarker to differentiate between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and other forms of parkinsonism. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of using transcranial ultrasound to detect SN echogenicity in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated Rhesus monkeys, a well-established model of PD. All animals had natural temporal bone windows for transcranial sonography. We could show that it is possible to visualize major brain landmarks including the " butterfly shaped" midbrain, basal cisterns, third and lateral ventricles in all animals by transcranial ultrasound. Blinded assessments showed that all normal monkeys had no SN hyperechogenicity. Bilaterally parkinsonian (overlesioned) monkeys showed hyperechogenicity of both SN, whereas right hemiparkinsonian monkeys only showed left nigral hyperechogenicity. These findings confirm the feasibility of transcranial ultrasound to detect SN hyperechogenicity in MPTP-treated Rhesus monkeys and suggest that this animal model may provide a platform for understanding the pathophysiologic basis of nigral hyperechogenicity.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.12.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 20211515
AN - SCOPUS:77950338410
VL - 36
SP - 604
EP - 609
JO - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
JF - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
SN - 0301-5629
IS - 4
ER -