@article{96728e0c9f374e25ac2de8c0bbfd70f6,
title = "Directed irradiation synthesis as an advanced plasma technology for surface modification to activate porous and “as-received” titanium surfaces",
abstract = "For the design of smart titanium implants, it is essential to balance the surface properties without any detrimental effect on the bulk properties of the material. Therefore, in this study, an irradiation-driven surface modification called directed irradiation synthesis (DIS) has been developed to nanopattern porous and “as-received” c.p. Ti surfaces with the aim of improving cellular viability. Nanofeatures were developed using singly-charged argon ions at 0.5 and 1.0 keV energies, incident angles from 0◦ to 75◦ degrees, and fluences up to 5.0 × 1017 cm−2. Irradiated surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle, observing an increased hydrophilicity (a contact angle reduction of 73.4% and 49.3%) and a higher roughness on both surfaces except for higher incident angles, which showed the smoothest surface. In-vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of directed irradiation synthesis (DIS) reaching 84% and 87% cell viability levels at 1 and 7 days respectively, and a lower percentage of damaged DNA in tail compared to the control c.p. Ti. All these results confirm the potential of the DIS technique to modify complex surfaces at the nanoscale level promoting their biological performance.",
author = "Ana Civantos and Allain, {Jean Paul} and Pav{\'o}n, {Juan Jose} and Akshath Shetty and Osman El-Atwani and Emily Walker and Arias, {Sandra L.} and Emily Gordon and Rodr{\'i}guez-Ortiz, {Jos{\'e} A.} and Mike Chen and Yadir Torres",
note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the Department of Defense under contract W81XWH-11-2-0067, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, grant number MAT2015-71284-P. The authors would like to thank the Department of Defense and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain for their financial support. The research facilities where this study has been performed: Frederick Institute (Materials Research Lab), Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, and Beckman Institute of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This article is also dedicated to our dear friend and colleague Juan Jose Pav{\'o}n, who prematurely passed away early in 2017, his dedication to his work, his students, his friends and family, will always be remembered. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the Department of Defense under contract W81XWH-11-2-0067, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, grant number MAT2015-71284-P. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the Department of Defense and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain for their financial support. The research facilities where this study has been performed: Frederick Institute (Materials Research Lab), Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, and Beckman Institute of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This article is also dedicated to our dear friend and colleague Juan Jose Pav{\'o}n, who prematurely passed away early in 2017, his dedication to his work, his students, his friends and family, will always be remembered. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
doi = "10.3390/met9121349",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Metals",
issn = "2075-4701",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "12",
}