@inbook{e8f107df00e84b86ae79ee17e970565a,
title = "Does gender agreement carry a production cost? Spanish gender vs. Palenquero",
abstract = "The present study examines the tradeoff between the on-line construction of modifier-noun gender agreement and the automatization of agreement, through the study of bilingual speakers of Spanish and the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, whose lexicon is highly cognate with Spanish, but which lacks gender agreement. The study focuses on L1 Spanish speakers who are acquiring Palenquero as L2, since when switching from the gender-agreeing L1 to the gender-less L2, the persistence or absence of gender agreement in cognate items can be taken as an indirect measure of the cost differential between producing morphosyntactic agreement and suppressing the carryover of obligatory agreement to the L2. The results of experiments conducted with bilingual Spanish-Palenquero speakers in San Basilio de Palenque, Colombia reveal the tenacity of Spanish gender agreement among L2 Palenquero speakers; heritage Palenquero speakers{\textquoteright} retention of gender agreement falls between traditional speakers and L2 speakers.",
author = "Lipski, {John M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant BCS-1357155. Lauren Perrotti aided in transcribing some of the responses. The author gratefully acknowledges the support and friendship of the following Palenqueros, all of whom have contributed significantly to all phases of this research: Ana Joaquina C{\'a}sseres, Trinidad C{\'a}sseres†, Magdalena Navarro, Basilia P{\'e}rez, Bernardino P{\'e}rez Miranda, Manuel P{\'e}rez, Neis P{\'e}rez, Venancia P{\'e}rez, Jos{\'e} de los Santos Reyes, Ra{\'u}l Salas, Florentina “Yayita” Salas, Sebasti{\'a}n Salgado, V{\'i}ctor Simarra Reyes, and Juana Torres. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 John Benjamins Publishing Company",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1075/rllt.12.09lip",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Figurative Thought and Language",
publisher = "John Benjamins Publishing Company",
pages = "127--140",
editor = "Lopes, {Ruth E.V.} and {De Avelar}, {Juanito Ornelas} and Cyrino, {Sonia M. L.}",
booktitle = "Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 12. Selected papers from the 45th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Campinas, Brazil",
address = "Netherlands",
}