Electric-field-driven deterministic and robust 120° magnetic rotation in a concave triangular nanomagnet electric-field-driven ren ci peng et al.

Deterministic magnetic switching driven by electric fields rather than power-dissipating currents at the nanoscale is fundamentally challenging yet promising for applications to energy-efficient and high-density spintronic devices. Here, we demonstrate an electric-field-controlled deterministic, robust and repeatable 120o rotation of "Y"-like magnetic state in a patterned nanoscale multiferroic heterostructure consisting of a concave triangular nanomagnet deposited on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 film. Using phase-field simulations, we find that the rotation of "Y"-like magnetic state is controlled by a co-action of strain-mediated electric-field-induced uniaxial magnetoelastic anisotropy, magnetic in-plane shape anisotropy of the concave-triangle-shaped nanomagnet, and an interfacial exchange-bias field from a juxtaposed antiferromagnetic layer. It is also shown that deterministic magnetic state switching can be accomplished by a pulsed strain, the duration of which can span from ten nanoseconds or longer down to a few nanoseconds, providing great design flexibility. We also discuss the dynamics of electric-field-driven switching of "Y"-like magnetic state as well as the influence of side length, thickness, and shape variation (i.e., concave radius) of the nanomagnet on the critical strain for the switching. These results offer a technologically viable route to designing nanomagnet-based nonvolatile spin memories with high density and low power.