@article{c0ec1cc067bc440580b8a988e4f1fd08,
title = "Enabling room temperature ferromagnetism in monolayer MoS2 via in situ iron-doping",
abstract = "Two-dimensional semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are of interest in electronics and photonics but remain nonmagnetic in their intrinsic form. Previous efforts to form two-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors utilized extrinsic doping techniques or bulk crystal growth, detrimentally affecting uniformity, scalability, or Curie temperature. Here, we demonstrate an in situ substitutional doping of Fe atoms into MoS2 monolayers in the chemical vapor deposition growth. The iron atoms substitute molybdenum sites in MoS2 crystals, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Raman signatures. We uncover an Fe-related spectral transition of Fe:MoS2 monolayers that appears at 2.28 eV above the pristine bandgap and displays pronounced ferromagnetic hysteresis. The microscopic origin is further corroborated by density functional theory calculations of dipole-allowed transitions in Fe:MoS2. Using spatially integrating magnetization measurements and spatially resolving nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry, we show that Fe:MoS2 monolayers remain magnetized even at ambient conditions, manifesting ferromagnetism at room temperature.",
author = "Shichen Fu and Kyungnam Kang and Kamran Shayan and Anthony Yoshimura and Siamak Dadras and Xiaotian Wang and Lihua Zhang and Siwei Chen and Na Liu and Apoorv Jindal and Xiangzhi Li and Pasupathy, {Abhay N.} and Vamivakas, {A. Nick} and Vincent Meunier and Stefan Strauf and Yang, {Eui Hyeok}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr Tseng-Ming Chou for insightful discussions on the analysis of the STEM data. The authors also thank Dr Tai-De Li of the Surface Science Facility at CUNY Advanced Science Research Center and Kai Zong for assisting the XPS and AFM measurement. S. S. acknowledges financial support by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant NSF-DMR-1809235, NSF-EFRI-1641094, and ECCS-MRI-1531237. E.H.Y. acknowledges financial support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-11-10272 and the NSF under Grant ECCS-MRI-1531237. A.Y. acknowledges the support of the NSF under Grant NSF-ECCS-1608171. Magnetization measurements are supported by the NSF-MRSEC program through Columbia in the Center for Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids (DMR-1420634). A.N.V. acknowledges the support by the NSF under Grant NSF-CAREER-DMR-1553788 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-19-1-0074. DFT calculations were performed in the Center for Computational Innovations at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. This research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract Number DESC0012704. This research used microscopy resources, which was partially funded by the NSF via Grant NSF-DMR-0922522, within the Laboratory for Multiscale Imaging (LMSI) at Stevens Institute of Technology. This work was also partially carried out at the Micro Device Laboratory (MDL) at Stevens Institute of Technology, funded with support from W15QKN-05-D-0011. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41467-020-15877-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
journal = "Nature Communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}