TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancement of perchlorate removal from groundwater by cationic granular activated carbon
T2 - Effect of preparation protocol and surface properties
AU - Hou, Pin
AU - Yan, Zhe
AU - Cannon, Fred S.
AU - Yue, Ye
AU - Byrne, Timothy
AU - Nieto-Delgado, Cesar
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the NSF GOALI Grant ( 0829092 ) and NSFC Grant ( 51508555 ) for financial support that made this research possible. This work was conducted at the Pennsylvania State University.
Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the NSF GOALI Grant (0829092) and NSFC Grant (51508555) for financial support that made this research possible. This work was conducted at the Pennsylvania State University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/6
Y1 - 2018/6
N2 - In order to obtain a high adsorption capacity for perchlorate, the epoxide-forming quaternary ammonium (EQA) compounds were chemically bonded onto granular activated carbon (GAC) surface by cationic reaction. The optimum preparation condition of the cationic GAC was achieved while applying softwood-based Gran C as the parent GAC, dosing EQA first at a pH of 12, preparation time of 48 h, preparation temperature of 50 °C, and mole ratio of EQA/oxygen groups of 2.5. The most favorable cationic GAC that had the QUAB360 pre-anchored exhibited the highest perchlorate adsorption capacity of 24.7 mg/g, and presented the longest bed volumes (3000 BV) to 2 ppb breakthrough during rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs), which was 150 times higher than that for the pristine Gran C. This was attributed to its higher nitrogen amount (1.53 At%) and higher positive surface charge (0.036 mmol/g) at pH 7.5. Also, there was no leaching of the quaternary ammonium detected in the effluent of the RSSCTs, indicating there was no secondary pollution occurring during the perchlorate removal process. Overall, this study provides an effective and environmental-friendly technology for improving GAC perchlorate adsorption capacity for groundwater treatment.
AB - In order to obtain a high adsorption capacity for perchlorate, the epoxide-forming quaternary ammonium (EQA) compounds were chemically bonded onto granular activated carbon (GAC) surface by cationic reaction. The optimum preparation condition of the cationic GAC was achieved while applying softwood-based Gran C as the parent GAC, dosing EQA first at a pH of 12, preparation time of 48 h, preparation temperature of 50 °C, and mole ratio of EQA/oxygen groups of 2.5. The most favorable cationic GAC that had the QUAB360 pre-anchored exhibited the highest perchlorate adsorption capacity of 24.7 mg/g, and presented the longest bed volumes (3000 BV) to 2 ppb breakthrough during rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs), which was 150 times higher than that for the pristine Gran C. This was attributed to its higher nitrogen amount (1.53 At%) and higher positive surface charge (0.036 mmol/g) at pH 7.5. Also, there was no leaching of the quaternary ammonium detected in the effluent of the RSSCTs, indicating there was no secondary pollution occurring during the perchlorate removal process. Overall, this study provides an effective and environmental-friendly technology for improving GAC perchlorate adsorption capacity for groundwater treatment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046035503&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85046035503&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.024
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.024
M3 - Article
C2 - 29550569
AN - SCOPUS:85046035503
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 201
SP - 756
EP - 763
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
ER -