TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental stability of swine and human pandemic influenza viruses in water under variable conditions of temperature, salinity, and pH
AU - Poulson, R. L.
AU - Tompkins, S. M.
AU - Berghaus, R. D.
AU - Brown, J. D.
AU - Stallknecht, D. E.
N1 - Funding Information:
The influenza A virus A/New Jersey/8/1976 (H1N1) NR-21667 reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH. All other humanorigin viruses were received from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA). We are grateful to Marie Culhane at the University of Minnesota (St. Paul, MN) for providing all swine viruses. We thank the faculty and staffof the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study at the University of Georgia, especially Alex Byas, Deborah Carter, and Clara Kienzle, for their technical assistance. This work was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under contracts HHSN266200700007C and HHSN272201400006C. The funding agencies did not have any involvement in the implementation or publication of this study, and the research presented here represents our opinions but not necessarily the opinions of the funding agencies. We declare no competing interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - The movement of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild bird reservoirs to domestic animals and humans is well established, but the transmission mechanisms that facilitate efficient movement across and within these host populations are not fully defined. Although predominant routes of transmission vary between host populations, the extent of environmental stability needed for efficient IAV transmission also may vary. Because of this, we hypothesized that virus stability would differ in response to varied host-related transmission mechanisms; if correct, such phenotypic variation might represent a potential marker for the emergence of novel animal or human influenza viruses. Here, the objective was to evaluate the ability of eight swine and six human IAV isolates to remain infective under various pH, temperature, and salinity conditions using a preestablished distilled water system. Swine and human viruses persisted longest at near-neutral pH, at cold temperatures, or under "freshwater" conditions. Additionally, no significant differences in persistence were observed between pandemic and nonpandemic IAVs. Our results indicate that there have been no apparent changes in the environmental stability of the viruses related to host adaptation.
AB - The movement of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild bird reservoirs to domestic animals and humans is well established, but the transmission mechanisms that facilitate efficient movement across and within these host populations are not fully defined. Although predominant routes of transmission vary between host populations, the extent of environmental stability needed for efficient IAV transmission also may vary. Because of this, we hypothesized that virus stability would differ in response to varied host-related transmission mechanisms; if correct, such phenotypic variation might represent a potential marker for the emergence of novel animal or human influenza viruses. Here, the objective was to evaluate the ability of eight swine and six human IAV isolates to remain infective under various pH, temperature, and salinity conditions using a preestablished distilled water system. Swine and human viruses persisted longest at near-neutral pH, at cold temperatures, or under "freshwater" conditions. Additionally, no significant differences in persistence were observed between pandemic and nonpandemic IAVs. Our results indicate that there have been no apparent changes in the environmental stability of the viruses related to host adaptation.
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U2 - 10.1128/AEM.00133-16
DO - 10.1128/AEM.00133-16
M3 - Article
C2 - 27084011
AN - SCOPUS:84976431016
VL - 82
SP - 3721
EP - 3726
JO - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
SN - 0099-2240
IS - 13
ER -