TY - JOUR
T1 - Filterless Nondispersive Infrared Sensing using Narrowband Infrared Emitting Metamaterials
AU - Livingood, Alyssa
AU - Nolen, J. Ryan
AU - Folland, Thomas G.
AU - Potechin, Lauren
AU - Lu, Guanyu
AU - Criswell, Scott
AU - Maria, Jon Paul
AU - Shelton, Christopher T.
AU - Sachet, Edward
AU - Caldwell, Joshua D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Support for J.D.C. and J.R.N. were provided by the Office of Naval Research under grant number N00014-18-1-2107. A.L. was supported through a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number 1560414 that was administered by the Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering (VINSE). T.G.F. acknowledges support from Third Floor Materials, Inc. S.C. was supported jointly through the Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship sponsored by Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane and the Crane PhD Fellowship sponsored by Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane. J.-P.M. acknowledges support from Army Research Office Grant W911NF-16-1-0406.
Publisher Copyright:
©
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/2/17
Y1 - 2021/2/17
N2 - For many industrial and manufacturing applications, detecting and identifying low concentrations of harmful gases and byproducts are performed using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors. These simple devices utilize a broadband IR emitter, thermopile detector, and a spectrally narrow bandpass filter tuned to a vibrational resonance of the analyte of interest. However, such filters are expensive to fabricate and limit the NDIR to operation at only a single frequency, unless filter wheels are employed, which expand the size and complexity of the device considerably. Here, we create a nanophotonic infrared emitting metamaterial (NIREM) fabricated from thin films of doped CdO grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) that exhibit narrowband thermal emission. By coupling a sufficiently narrow line width emitter with a simple broadband detector such as a thermopile, the functionality of the NDIR sensor can be replicated without the need for the narrow bandpass filter. Unlike many metamaterial-based emitters, our device emits both p- and s-polarized light with near-unity emissivity at angles ranging from 0° to 40° off the surface normal without complicated and expensive lithography steps. As a proof of concept, we implement this NIREM for CO2 gas detection within an FTIR spectrometer, demonstrating performance comparable with a conventional blackbody/filter combination. This demonstrates that the NIREM concept can provide a suitable plug-and-play replacement for NDIR devices as they can be implemented in a form-factor commensurate or significantly reduced in comparison to the current state of the art. In principle, by incorporating multiple NIREM dies tuned to emit at different frequencies, multiple vibrational modes could be sequentially detected, making the approach amenable to identification and quantification of complicated molecules within a single NDIR configuration.
AB - For many industrial and manufacturing applications, detecting and identifying low concentrations of harmful gases and byproducts are performed using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors. These simple devices utilize a broadband IR emitter, thermopile detector, and a spectrally narrow bandpass filter tuned to a vibrational resonance of the analyte of interest. However, such filters are expensive to fabricate and limit the NDIR to operation at only a single frequency, unless filter wheels are employed, which expand the size and complexity of the device considerably. Here, we create a nanophotonic infrared emitting metamaterial (NIREM) fabricated from thin films of doped CdO grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) that exhibit narrowband thermal emission. By coupling a sufficiently narrow line width emitter with a simple broadband detector such as a thermopile, the functionality of the NDIR sensor can be replicated without the need for the narrow bandpass filter. Unlike many metamaterial-based emitters, our device emits both p- and s-polarized light with near-unity emissivity at angles ranging from 0° to 40° off the surface normal without complicated and expensive lithography steps. As a proof of concept, we implement this NIREM for CO2 gas detection within an FTIR spectrometer, demonstrating performance comparable with a conventional blackbody/filter combination. This demonstrates that the NIREM concept can provide a suitable plug-and-play replacement for NDIR devices as they can be implemented in a form-factor commensurate or significantly reduced in comparison to the current state of the art. In principle, by incorporating multiple NIREM dies tuned to emit at different frequencies, multiple vibrational modes could be sequentially detected, making the approach amenable to identification and quantification of complicated molecules within a single NDIR configuration.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01432
DO - 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01432
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099917703
VL - 8
SP - 472
EP - 480
JO - ACS Photonics
JF - ACS Photonics
SN - 2330-4022
IS - 2
ER -