TY - JOUR
T1 - Formation of disinfection by-products under influence of shale gas produced water
AU - Huang, Kuan Z.
AU - Xie, Yuefeng F.
AU - Tang, Hao L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the United States Geological Survey 104B Grant and the start-up fund provided by College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, United States. The authors would like to thank Joseph Harrick from JKLM Energy (Sewickley, Pennsylvania) for comments on making synthetic shale gas production wastewater.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/1/10
Y1 - 2019/1/10
N2 - Accidental spills and surface discharges of shale gas produced water could contaminate water resources and generate health concerns. The study explored the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination of natural waters under the influence of shale gas produced water. Results showed the presence of produced water as low as 0.005% changed the DBP profile measurably. A shift to a more bromine substitution direction for the formation of trihalomethanes, dihaloacetic acids, trihaloacetic acids, and dihaloacetonitriles was illustrated by exploring the individual DBP species levels, bromine substitution factors, and DBP species fractions, and the effect was attributable to the introduction of bromide from produced water. The ratio of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids also increased, which was likely affected by different bromination degrees at elevated bromide concentrations. Increasing blend ratios of produced water enhanced the formation of DBPs, especially the brominated species, while such negative effects could be alleviated by pre-treating the produced water with ozone/air stripping to remove bromide. The study advances understandings about the impacts of produced water spills or surface discharges regarding potential violation of Stage 2 DBP rules at drinking water treatment facilities.
AB - Accidental spills and surface discharges of shale gas produced water could contaminate water resources and generate health concerns. The study explored the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination of natural waters under the influence of shale gas produced water. Results showed the presence of produced water as low as 0.005% changed the DBP profile measurably. A shift to a more bromine substitution direction for the formation of trihalomethanes, dihaloacetic acids, trihaloacetic acids, and dihaloacetonitriles was illustrated by exploring the individual DBP species levels, bromine substitution factors, and DBP species fractions, and the effect was attributable to the introduction of bromide from produced water. The ratio of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids also increased, which was likely affected by different bromination degrees at elevated bromide concentrations. Increasing blend ratios of produced water enhanced the formation of DBPs, especially the brominated species, while such negative effects could be alleviated by pre-treating the produced water with ozone/air stripping to remove bromide. The study advances understandings about the impacts of produced water spills or surface discharges regarding potential violation of Stage 2 DBP rules at drinking water treatment facilities.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.055
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.055
M3 - Article
C2 - 30092531
AN - SCOPUS:85051002854
VL - 647
SP - 744
EP - 751
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
ER -