FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment

D. S. Akerib; H. M. Araújo; X. Bai; A. J. Bailey; J. Balajthy; P. Beltrame; E. P. Bernard; A. Bernstein; T. P. Biesiadzinski; E. M. Boulton; A. Bradley; R. Bramante; S. B. Cahn; M. C. Carmona-Benitez; C. Chan; J. J. Chapman; A. A. Chiller; C. Chiller; A. Currie; J. E. Cutter; T. J.R. Davison; L. De Viveiros; A. Dobi; J. E.Y. Dobson; E. Druszkiewicz; B. N. Edwards; C. H. Faham; S. Fiorucci; R. J. Gaitskell; V. M. Gehman; C. Ghag; K. R. Gibson; M. G.D. Gilchriese; C. R. Hall; M. Hanhardt; S. J. Haselschwardt; S. A. Hertel; D. P. Hogan; M. Horn; D. Q. Huang; C. M. Ignarra; M. Ihm; R. G. Jacobsen; W. Ji; K. Kazkaz; D. Khaitan; R. Knoche; N. A. Larsen; C. Lee; B. G. Lenardo; K. T. Lesko; A. Lindote; M. I. Lopes; D. C. Malling; A. G. Manalaysay; R. L. Mannino; M. F. Marzioni; D. N. McKinsey; D. M. Mei; J. Mock; M. Moongweluwan; J. A. Morad; A. St J. Murphy; C. Nehrkorn; H. N. Nelson; F. Neves; K. O'Sullivan; K. C. Oliver-Mallory; R. A. Ott; K. J. Palladino; M. Pangilinan; E. K. Pease; P. Phelps; L. Reichhart; C. Rhyne; S. Shaw; T. A. Shutt; C. Silva; W. Skulski; V. N. Solovov; P. Sorensen; S. Stephenson; T. J. Sumner; M. Szydagis; D. J. Taylor; W. Taylor; B. P. Tennyson; P. A. Terman; D. R. Tiedt; W. H. To; M. Tripathi; L. Tvrznikova; S. Uvarov; J. R. Verbus; R. C. Webb; J. T. White; T. J. Whitis; M. S. Witherell; F. L.H. Wolfs; J. Yin; S. K. Young; C. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment

D. S. Akerib, H. M. Araújo, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, P. Beltrame, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, T. P. Biesiadzinski, E. M. Boulton, A. Bradley, R. Bramante, S. B. Cahn, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, C. Chan, J. J. Chapman, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, A. Currie, J. E. CutterT. J.R. Davison, L. De Viveiros, A. Dobi, J. E.Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, B. N. Edwards, C. H. Faham, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, V. M. Gehman, C. Ghag, K. R. Gibson, M. G.D. Gilchriese, C. R. Hall, M. Hanhardt, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. A. Hertel, D. P. Hogan, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, C. M. Ignarra, M. Ihm, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, K. Kazkaz, D. Khaitan, R. Knoche, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, K. T. Lesko, A. Lindote, M. I. Lopes, D. C. Malling, A. G. Manalaysay, R. L. Mannino, M. F. Marzioni, D. N. McKinsey, D. M. Mei, J. Mock, M. Moongweluwan, J. A. Morad, A. St J. Murphy, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, K. O'Sullivan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. A. Ott, K. J. Palladino, M. Pangilinan, E. K. Pease, P. Phelps, L. Reichhart, C. Rhyne, S. Shaw, T. A. Shutt, C. Silva, W. Skulski, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, S. Stephenson, T. J. Sumner, M. Szydagis, D. J. Taylor, W. Taylor, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, D. R. Tiedt, W. H. To, M. Tripathi, L. Tvrznikova, S. Uvarov, J. R. Verbus, R. C. Webb, J. T. White, T. J. Whitis, M. S. Witherell, F. L.H. Wolfs, J. Yin, S. K. Young, C. Zhang

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Abstract

LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	57-67
Number of pages	11
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	818
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017
State	Published - May 11 2016

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

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Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bradley, A., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., ... Zhang, C. (2016). FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 818, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

@article{0d09c88630384021991359dcd2284484,

title = "FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment",

abstract = "LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance.",

author = "Akerib, {D. S.} and Ara{\'u}jo, {H. M.} and X. Bai and Bailey, {A. J.} and J. Balajthy and P. Beltrame and Bernard, {E. P.} and A. Bernstein and Biesiadzinski, {T. P.} and Boulton, {E. M.} and A. Bradley and R. Bramante and Cahn, {S. B.} and Carmona-Benitez, {M. C.} and C. Chan and Chapman, {J. J.} and Chiller, {A. A.} and C. Chiller and A. Currie and Cutter, {J. E.} and Davison, {T. J.R.} and {De Viveiros}, L. and A. Dobi and Dobson, {J. E.Y.} and E. Druszkiewicz and Edwards, {B. N.} and Faham, {C. H.} and S. Fiorucci and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and Gehman, {V. M.} and C. Ghag and Gibson, {K. R.} and Gilchriese, {M. G.D.} and Hall, {C. R.} and M. Hanhardt and Haselschwardt, {S. J.} and Hertel, {S. A.} and Hogan, {D. P.} and M. Horn and Huang, {D. Q.} and Ignarra, {C. M.} and M. Ihm and Jacobsen, {R. G.} and W. Ji and K. Kazkaz and D. Khaitan and R. Knoche and Larsen, {N. A.} and C. Lee and Lenardo, {B. G.} and Lesko, {K. T.} and A. Lindote and Lopes, {M. I.} and Malling, {D. C.} and Manalaysay, {A. G.} and Mannino, {R. L.} and Marzioni, {M. F.} and McKinsey, {D. N.} and Mei, {D. M.} and J. Mock and M. Moongweluwan and Morad, {J. A.} and Murphy, {A. St J.} and C. Nehrkorn and Nelson, {H. N.} and F. Neves and K. O'Sullivan and Oliver-Mallory, {K. C.} and Ott, {R. A.} and Palladino, {K. J.} and M. Pangilinan and Pease, {E. K.} and P. Phelps and L. Reichhart and C. Rhyne and S. Shaw and Shutt, {T. A.} and C. Silva and W. Skulski and Solovov, {V. N.} and P. Sorensen and S. Stephenson and Sumner, {T. J.} and M. Szydagis and Taylor, {D. J.} and W. Taylor and Tennyson, {B. P.} and Terman, {P. A.} and Tiedt, {D. R.} and To, {W. H.} and M. Tripathi and L. Tvrznikova and S. Uvarov and Verbus, {J. R.} and Webb, {R. C.} and White, {J. T.} and Whitis, {T. J.} and Witherell, {M. S.} and Wolfs, {F. L.H.} and J. Yin and Young, {S. K.} and C. Zhang",

note = "Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under award numbers DE-FG02-08ER41549 , DE-FG02-91ER40688 , DE-FG02-95ER40917 , DE-FG02-91ER40674 , DE-NA0000979 , DE-FG02-11ER41738 , DE-SC0006605 , DE-AC02-05CH11231 , DE-AC52-07NA27344 , and DE-FG01-91ER40618 ; the U.S. National Science Foundation under award numbers PHYS-0750671 , PHY-0801536 , PHY-1004661 , PHY-1102470 , PHY-1003660 , PHY-1312561 , PHY-1347449 ; the Research Corporation grant RA0350 ; the South Dakota Governor׳s Office Economic Development and the Board of Regents for Center for Ultra-low Background Experiments in the Dakotas (CUBED) ; and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT) ( NSF : PHY-1242579 , Subaward: RES507395 and DOE : DE-SC0014223 ). LIP-Coimbra acknowledges funding from Funda{\c c} ao para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the project-grant CERN/FP/123610/2011 . Imperial College and Brown University thank the UK Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE120804). The UK groups acknowledge institutional support from Imperial College London , University College London and Edinburgh University , and from the Science & Technology Facilities Council for PhD studentship ST/K502042/1 (AB). The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",

year = "2016",

month = may,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "818",

pages = "57--67",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bradley, A, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, AG, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O'Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Ott, RA, Palladino, KJ, Pangilinan, M, Pease, EK, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Yin, J, Young, SK & Zhang, C 2016, 'FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 818, pp. 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

TY - JOUR

T1 - FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment

AU - Akerib, D. S.

AU - Araújo, H. M.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Bailey, A. J.

AU - Balajthy, J.

AU - Beltrame, P.

AU - Bernard, E. P.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Biesiadzinski, T. P.

AU - Boulton, E. M.

AU - Bradley, A.

AU - Bramante, R.

AU - Cahn, S. B.

AU - Carmona-Benitez, M. C.

AU - Chan, C.

AU - Chapman, J. J.

AU - Chiller, A. A.

AU - Chiller, C.

AU - Currie, A.

AU - Cutter, J. E.

AU - Davison, T. J.R.

AU - De Viveiros, L.

AU - Dobi, A.

AU - Dobson, J. E.Y.

AU - Druszkiewicz, E.

AU - Edwards, B. N.

AU - Faham, C. H.

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Gehman, V. M.

AU - Ghag, C.

AU - Gibson, K. R.

AU - Gilchriese, M. G.D.

AU - Hall, C. R.

AU - Hanhardt, M.

AU - Haselschwardt, S. J.

AU - Hertel, S. A.

AU - Hogan, D. P.

AU - Horn, M.

AU - Huang, D. Q.

AU - Ignarra, C. M.

AU - Ihm, M.

AU - Jacobsen, R. G.

AU - Ji, W.

AU - Kazkaz, K.

AU - Khaitan, D.

AU - Knoche, R.

AU - Larsen, N. A.

AU - Lee, C.

AU - Lenardo, B. G.

AU - Lesko, K. T.

AU - Lindote, A.

AU - Lopes, M. I.

AU - Malling, D. C.

AU - Manalaysay, A. G.

AU - Mannino, R. L.

AU - Marzioni, M. F.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - Mei, D. M.

AU - Mock, J.

AU - Moongweluwan, M.

AU - Morad, J. A.

AU - Murphy, A. St J.

AU - Nehrkorn, C.

AU - Nelson, H. N.

AU - Neves, F.

AU - O'Sullivan, K.

AU - Oliver-Mallory, K. C.

AU - Ott, R. A.

AU - Palladino, K. J.

AU - Pangilinan, M.

AU - Pease, E. K.

AU - Phelps, P.

AU - Reichhart, L.

AU - Rhyne, C.

AU - Shaw, S.

AU - Shutt, T. A.

AU - Silva, C.

AU - Skulski, W.

AU - Solovov, V. N.

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Stephenson, S.

AU - Sumner, T. J.

AU - Szydagis, M.

AU - Taylor, D. J.

AU - Taylor, W.

AU - Tennyson, B. P.

AU - Terman, P. A.

AU - Tiedt, D. R.

AU - To, W. H.

AU - Tripathi, M.

AU - Tvrznikova, L.

AU - Uvarov, S.

AU - Verbus, J. R.

AU - Webb, R. C.

AU - White, J. T.

AU - Whitis, T. J.

AU - Witherell, M. S.

AU - Wolfs, F. L.H.

AU - Yin, J.

AU - Young, S. K.

AU - Zhang, C.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under award numbers DE-FG02-08ER41549 , DE-FG02-91ER40688 , DE-FG02-95ER40917 , DE-FG02-91ER40674 , DE-NA0000979 , DE-FG02-11ER41738 , DE-SC0006605 , DE-AC02-05CH11231 , DE-AC52-07NA27344 , and DE-FG01-91ER40618 ; the U.S. National Science Foundation under award numbers PHYS-0750671 , PHY-0801536 , PHY-1004661 , PHY-1102470 , PHY-1003660 , PHY-1312561 , PHY-1347449 ; the Research Corporation grant RA0350 ; the South Dakota Governor׳s Office Economic Development and the Board of Regents for Center for Ultra-low Background Experiments in the Dakotas (CUBED) ; and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT) ( NSF : PHY-1242579 , Subaward: RES507395 and DOE : DE-SC0014223 ). LIP-Coimbra acknowledges funding from Fundaç ao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the project-grant CERN/FP/123610/2011 . Imperial College and Brown University thank the UK Royal Society for travel funds under the International Exchange Scheme (IE120804). The UK groups acknowledge institutional support from Imperial College London , University College London and Edinburgh University , and from the Science & Technology Facilities Council for PhD studentship ST/K502042/1 (AB). The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336 . Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2016/5/11

Y1 - 2016/5/11

N2 - LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance.

AB - LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959551883&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84959551883&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.017

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84959551883

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 818

SP - 57

EP - 67

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

FPGA-based trigger system for the LUX dark matter experiment

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