TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic diversity of the Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene in Thai parasite populations
AU - Kittichai, Veerayuth
AU - Nguitragool, Wang
AU - Ngassa Mbenda, Huguette Gaelle
AU - Sattabongkot, Jetsumon
AU - Cui, Liwang
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank all the volunteers who participated in the research project as well as all the surveillance workers. This study was supported by grants from the Fogarty International Center ( D43 TW006571 ) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( U19 AI089672 ), National Institutes of Health, USA .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (CQ) was first reported over 60 years ago. Here we analyzed sequence variations in the multidrug resistance 1 gene (Pvmdr1), a putative molecular marker for P. vivax CQ resistance, in field isolates collected from three sites in Thailand during 2013–2016. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms previously implicated in reduced CQ sensitivity were found. These genetic variations encode amino acids in the two nucleotide-binding domains as well as the transmembrane domains of the protein. The high level of genetic diversity of Pvmdr1 provides insights into the evolutionary history of this gene. Specifically, there was little evidence of positive selection at amino acid F1076L in global isolates to be promoted as a possible marker for CQ resistance. Population genetic analysis clearly divided the parasites into eastern and western populations, which is consistent with their geographical separation by the central malaria-free area of Thailand. With CQ-primaquine remaining as the frontline treatment for vivax malaria in all regions of Thailand, such a population subdivision could be shaped and affected by the current drugs for P. falciparum since mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections often occur in this region.
AB - Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (CQ) was first reported over 60 years ago. Here we analyzed sequence variations in the multidrug resistance 1 gene (Pvmdr1), a putative molecular marker for P. vivax CQ resistance, in field isolates collected from three sites in Thailand during 2013–2016. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms previously implicated in reduced CQ sensitivity were found. These genetic variations encode amino acids in the two nucleotide-binding domains as well as the transmembrane domains of the protein. The high level of genetic diversity of Pvmdr1 provides insights into the evolutionary history of this gene. Specifically, there was little evidence of positive selection at amino acid F1076L in global isolates to be promoted as a possible marker for CQ resistance. Population genetic analysis clearly divided the parasites into eastern and western populations, which is consistent with their geographical separation by the central malaria-free area of Thailand. With CQ-primaquine remaining as the frontline treatment for vivax malaria in all regions of Thailand, such a population subdivision could be shaped and affected by the current drugs for P. falciparum since mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections often occur in this region.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.027
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.027
M3 - Article
C2 - 29936038
AN - SCOPUS:85049316715
SN - 1567-1348
VL - 64
SP - 168
EP - 177
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
ER -
