@article{4d43b0aacb884e709c3f7a007c4ce4a9,
title = "High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10",
abstract = "We present high-resolution observations of a flaring event in the M8 dwarf vB 10 using the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The high stability of HPF enables us to accurately subtract a vB 10 quiescent spectrum from the flare spectrum to isolate the flare contributions and study the changes in the relative energy of the Ca ii infrared triplet, several Paschen lines, the He λ10830 triplet lines, and to select iron and magnesium lines in HPF's bandpass. Our analysis reveals the presence of a red asymmetry in the He λ10830 triplet, which is similar to signatures of coronal rain in the Sun. Photometry of the flare derived from an acquisition camera before spectroscopic observations and the ability to extract spectra from up-the-ramp observations with the HPF infrared detector enable us to perform time-series analysis of part of the flare and provide coarse constraints on the energy and frequency of such flares. We compare this flare with historical observations of flares around vB 10 and other ultracool M dwarfs and attempt to place limits on flare-induced atmospheric mass loss for hypothetical planets around vB 10.",
author = "Shubham Kanodia and Ramsey, {Lawrence W.} and Marissa Maney and Suvrath Mahadevan and Ca{\~n}as, {Caleb I.} and Ninan, {Joe P.} and Andrew Monson and Kowalski, {Adam F.} and Goumas, {Maximos C.} and Gudmundur Stefansson and Bender, {Chad F.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Diddams, {Scott A.} and Connor Fredrick and Samuel Halverson and Fred Hearty and Steven Janowiecki and Metcalf, {Andrew J.} and Odewahn, {Stephen C.} and Paul Robertson and Arpita Roy and Christian Schwab and Terrien, {Ryan C.}",
note = "Funding Information: These results are based on observations obtained with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder Spectrograph on the HET. We acknowledge support from NSF grants AST-1006676, AST-1126413, AST-1310885, AST-1310875, AST-1910954, AST-1907622, AST-1909506, ATI 2009889, ATI-2009982, and AST-2108512 and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA09DA76A) in the pursuit of precision RVs in the NIR. The HPF team also acknowledges support from the Heising-Simons Foundation via grant 2017-0494. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, and Georg-August Universit{\"a}t Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. The HET collaboration acknowledges the support and resources from the Texas Advanced Computing Center. We thank the resident astronomers and telescope operators at the HET for the skillful execution of our observations with HPF. We would like to acknowledge that the HET is built on Indigenous land. Moreover, we would like to acknowledge and pay our respects to the Carrizo & Comecrudo, Coahuiltecan, Caddo, Tonkawa, Comanche, Lipan Apache, Alabama-Coushatta, Kickapoo, Tigua Pueblo, and all the American Indian and Indigenous Peoples and communities who have been or have become a part of these lands and territories in Texas, here on Turtle Island. Funding Information: Computations for this research were performed on the Pennsylvania State University's Institute for Computational and Data Sciences Advanced CyberInfrastructure (ICDS-ACI), including the CyberLAMP cluster supported by NSF grant MRI-1626251. Funding Information: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding Information: The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "925",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",
}