TY - JOUR
T1 - Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) - Biology, Management, and Future Research Directions
AU - Brewer, Gary J.
AU - Boxler, Dave J.
AU - Domingues, Luisa D.
AU - Trout Fryxell, Rebecca T.
AU - Holderman, Chris
AU - Loftin, Kelly M.
AU - Machtinger, Erika
AU - Smythe, Brandon
AU - Talley, Justin L.
AU - Watson, Wes
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Matt Bertone, North Carolina State University, and Dan Fitzpatrick, University of Florida, for their generous contributions of the photographs used to illustrate key horn fly characteristics and Rachael Lehmann for her help in formatting the References Cited section. We thank Troy Anderson for reviewing an early draft of this paper and Ed Burgess, Alex Gerry, Jerry Hogsette, Roger Moon, Pia Olafson, Doug Ross, and David Taylor for follow-up edits. A special thanks to the peer reviewers who spotted our many errors and provided helpful guidance to improve this manuscript. We appreciate Penn State Extension in supporting a planning workshop in Orlando, FL, to discuss this manuscript and others in the series with funding from U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Project #PEN04540 and Accession #1000356. Finally, our gratitude goes to members of the S1076 regional hatch project: (Fly Management in Animal Agriculture Systems and Impacts on Animal Health and Food Safety) for manuscript discussion, advice, and support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), is one of the most important external parasites of cattle in North America and elsewhere. Horn fly adults have an intimate association with cattle, their primary host. With their often-high numbers and by feeding up to 38 times per day per fly, horn flies stress cattle. The resulting productivity loss is valued at more than 2.3 billion USD in the United States. Insecticides are commonly used to mitigate direct injury from feeding and indirect injury from disease transmission. This paper discusses horn fly biology, distribution, and management. Emphasis is on promising new approaches in novel insecticides, repellents, biological control, vaccines, animal genetics, and sterile insect technology that will lead to effective preventative tactics and the integration of smart technologies with horn fly management. We conclude with a discussion of research needs necessary to shift horn fly integrated pest management to an emphasis on preventative tactics and the precision use of reactive techniques.
AB - The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), is one of the most important external parasites of cattle in North America and elsewhere. Horn fly adults have an intimate association with cattle, their primary host. With their often-high numbers and by feeding up to 38 times per day per fly, horn flies stress cattle. The resulting productivity loss is valued at more than 2.3 billion USD in the United States. Insecticides are commonly used to mitigate direct injury from feeding and indirect injury from disease transmission. This paper discusses horn fly biology, distribution, and management. Emphasis is on promising new approaches in novel insecticides, repellents, biological control, vaccines, animal genetics, and sterile insect technology that will lead to effective preventative tactics and the integration of smart technologies with horn fly management. We conclude with a discussion of research needs necessary to shift horn fly integrated pest management to an emphasis on preventative tactics and the precision use of reactive techniques.
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U2 - 10.1093/jipm/pmab019
DO - 10.1093/jipm/pmab019
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85119517362
SN - 2155-7470
VL - 12
JO - Journal of Integrated Pest Management
JF - Journal of Integrated Pest Management
IS - 1
M1 - 42
ER -
