TY - JOUR
T1 - Household finished flooring and soil-transmitted helminth and Giardia infections among children in rural Bangladesh and Kenya
T2 - a prospective cohort study
AU - Benjamin-Chung, Jade
AU - Crider, Yoshika S.
AU - Mertens, Andrew
AU - Ercumen, Ayse
AU - Pickering, Amy J.
AU - Lin, Audrie
AU - Steinbaum, Lauren
AU - Swarthout, Jenna
AU - Rahman, Mahbubur
AU - Parvez, Sarker M.
AU - Haque, Rashidul
AU - Njenga, Sammy M.
AU - Kihara, Jimmy
AU - Null, Clair
AU - Luby, Stephen P.
AU - Colford, John M.
AU - Arnold, Benjamin F.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Gates Foundation (grant number OPPGD759 to the University of California, Berkeley) and the Task Force for Global Health (grant number NTDSC 088G to Innovations for Poverty Action, and grant number NTDSC 089G to the University of California, Berkeley). The authors acknowledge Anmol Seth and Stephanie Djajadi for their contributions to figure and table generation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: Soil-transmitted helminths and Giardia duodenalis are responsible for a large burden of disease globally. In low-resource settings, household finished floors (eg, concrete floors) might reduce transmission of soil-transmitted helminths and G duodenalis. Methods: In a prospective cohort of children nested within two randomised trials in rural Bangladesh and Kenya, we estimated associations between household finished flooring and soil-transmitted helminths and G duodenalis prevalence. In 2015–16, we collected stool samples from children aged 2–16 years in rural Bangladesh and Kenya. We detected soil-transmitted helminth infection using quantitative PCR (qPCR; Bangladesh n=2800; Kenya n=3094), and G duodenalis using qPCR in Bangladesh (n=6894) and ELISA in Kenya (n=8899). We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using log-linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Findings: 7187 (92·2%) of 7795 children in Bangladesh and 9077 (93·7%) of 9686 children in Kenya provided stool specimens that were analysed by qPCR. At enrolment, 691 (10%) households in Bangladesh and 471 (5%) households in Kenya had finished floors. In both countries, household finished flooring was associated with lower Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence (Bangladesh aPR 0·33, 95% CI 0·14–0·78; Kenya 0·62, 0·39–0·98) and any soil-transmitted helminths (Bangladesh 0·73, 0·52–1·01; Kenya 0·57, 0·37–0·88). Household finished floors were also associated with lower Necator americanus prevalence in Bangladesh (0·52, 0·29–0·94) and G duodenalis prevalence in both countries (Bangladesh 0·78, 0·64–0·95; Kenya 0·82, 0·70–0·97). Interpretation: In low-resource settings, living in households with finished floors over a 2-year period was associated with lower prevalence of G duodenalis and some soil-transmitted helminths in children. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Task Force for Global Health.
AB - Background: Soil-transmitted helminths and Giardia duodenalis are responsible for a large burden of disease globally. In low-resource settings, household finished floors (eg, concrete floors) might reduce transmission of soil-transmitted helminths and G duodenalis. Methods: In a prospective cohort of children nested within two randomised trials in rural Bangladesh and Kenya, we estimated associations between household finished flooring and soil-transmitted helminths and G duodenalis prevalence. In 2015–16, we collected stool samples from children aged 2–16 years in rural Bangladesh and Kenya. We detected soil-transmitted helminth infection using quantitative PCR (qPCR; Bangladesh n=2800; Kenya n=3094), and G duodenalis using qPCR in Bangladesh (n=6894) and ELISA in Kenya (n=8899). We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using log-linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Findings: 7187 (92·2%) of 7795 children in Bangladesh and 9077 (93·7%) of 9686 children in Kenya provided stool specimens that were analysed by qPCR. At enrolment, 691 (10%) households in Bangladesh and 471 (5%) households in Kenya had finished floors. In both countries, household finished flooring was associated with lower Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence (Bangladesh aPR 0·33, 95% CI 0·14–0·78; Kenya 0·62, 0·39–0·98) and any soil-transmitted helminths (Bangladesh 0·73, 0·52–1·01; Kenya 0·57, 0·37–0·88). Household finished floors were also associated with lower Necator americanus prevalence in Bangladesh (0·52, 0·29–0·94) and G duodenalis prevalence in both countries (Bangladesh 0·78, 0·64–0·95; Kenya 0·82, 0·70–0·97). Interpretation: In low-resource settings, living in households with finished floors over a 2-year period was associated with lower prevalence of G duodenalis and some soil-transmitted helminths in children. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Task Force for Global Health.
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U2 - 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30523-4
DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30523-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 33607029
AN - SCOPUS:85101047791
SN - 2214-109X
VL - 9
SP - e301-e308
JO - The Lancet Global Health
JF - The Lancet Global Health
IS - 3
ER -