TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrogenation of levulinic acid into gamma-valerolactone over in situ reduced CuAg bimetallic catalyst
T2 - Strategy and mechanism of preventing Cu leaching
AU - Zhang, Li
AU - Mao, Jingbo
AU - Li, Shenmin
AU - Yin, Jingmei
AU - Sun, Xudong
AU - Guo, Xinwen
AU - Song, Chunshan
AU - Zhou, Jinxia
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos. 21203015 and 21173027 ] and the China Scholarship Council to JXZ at Pennsylvania State University [CSC No. 201508210244 ]. The State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals at Dalian University of Technology [Grant No. KF1109 ] provided financial support too. We also thank Dr. Tianqinji Qi for his help in characterization tests and discussion.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/9/15
Y1 - 2018/9/15
N2 - Metal leaching is a major issue in efficient production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA) under mild reaction conditions. In this study, Ag was added to Cu-supported γ-Al2O3 catalyst to suppress Cu leaching in the hydrogenation of LA into GVL. The CuAg/Al2O3 catalyst was reduced in situ during the reaction, and Cu leaching in the solution was significantly suppressed. The bimetallic catalyst without reduction pretreatment achieved approximately 100% yield to GVL and exhibited good reusability in nine consecutive cycles under mild reaction conditions of 180 °C and 1.4 MPa H2 pressure in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The strong interplay in the geometric and electronic effects between Cu and Ag was verified through XPS, H2-TPR, TEM, STEM/EDS, and XRD analyses. This paper extensively discussed the mechanism of Ag on preventing Cu leaching and the superiority of in situ reduction in solution over external reduction in gas.
AB - Metal leaching is a major issue in efficient production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA) under mild reaction conditions. In this study, Ag was added to Cu-supported γ-Al2O3 catalyst to suppress Cu leaching in the hydrogenation of LA into GVL. The CuAg/Al2O3 catalyst was reduced in situ during the reaction, and Cu leaching in the solution was significantly suppressed. The bimetallic catalyst without reduction pretreatment achieved approximately 100% yield to GVL and exhibited good reusability in nine consecutive cycles under mild reaction conditions of 180 °C and 1.4 MPa H2 pressure in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The strong interplay in the geometric and electronic effects between Cu and Ag was verified through XPS, H2-TPR, TEM, STEM/EDS, and XRD analyses. This paper extensively discussed the mechanism of Ag on preventing Cu leaching and the superiority of in situ reduction in solution over external reduction in gas.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.033
DO - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.033
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85044146458
SN - 0926-3373
VL - 232
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
JF - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
ER -