@article{34b3d03d451a4d90ba21f27a598fa14a,
title = "Ice-cliff failure via retrogressive slumping",
abstract = "Retrogressive slumping could accelerate sea-level rise if ice-sheet retreat generates ice cliffs much taller than observed today. The tallest ice cliffs, which extend roughly 100 m above sea level, calve only after ice-flow processes thin the ice to near flotation. Above some ice-cliff height limit, the stress state in ice will satisfy the material-failure criterion, resulting in faster brittle failure. New terrestrial radar data from Helheim Glacier, Greenland, suggest that taller subaerial cliffs are prone to failure by slumping, unloading submarine ice to allow buoyancy-driven full-thickness calving. Full-Stokes diagnostic modeling shows that the threshold cliff height for slumping is likely slightly above 100 m in many cases, and roughly twice that (145-285 m) in mechanically competent ice under well-drained or low-melt conditions.",
author = "Parizek, {Byron R.} and Knut Christianson and Alley, {Richard B.} and Denis Voytenko and Irena Va{\v n}kov{\'a} and Dixon, {Timothy H.} and Walker, {Ryan T.} and Holland, {David M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The work was supported by NASA grants NNX15AH84G (Parizek), NNX16AM01G (Chris-tianson), NNX12AB69G (Christianson and Holland), NNX12AK29G (Dixon), and NNX12AD03A (Walker); U.S. National Science Foundation grants PLR-1443190 (Parizek), ANT-0424589 (Parizek and Alley), AGS-1338832 (Parizek and Alley), and PLR-1443284 (Walker); and New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute grant G1204 (Holland). The field data-collection effort was organized by Denise Holland. We thank Kira Olsen for fruitful discussions, and both Kira Olsen and Meredith Nettles for freely sharing their scientific results. Finally, we would like to recognize the efforts of the Science Editor, Dennis Brown, and Ravindra Duddu and two anonymous reviewers, whose critical reviews were invaluable. Funding Information: The work was supported by NASA grants NNX15AH84G (Parizek), NNX16AM01G (Christianson), NNX12AB69G (Christianson and Holland), NNX12AK29G (Dixon), and NNX12AD03A (Walker); U.S. National Science Foundation grants PLR-1443190 (Parizek), ANT-0424589 (Parizek and Alley), AGS-1338832 (Parizek and Alley), and PLR-1443284 (Walker); and New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute grant G1204 (Holland). The field data-collection effort was organized by Denise Holland. We thank Kira Olsen for fruitful discussions, and both Kira Olsen and Meredith Nettles for freely sharing their scientific results. Finally, we would like to recognize the efforts of the Science Editor, Dennis Brown, and Ravindra Duddu and two anonymous reviewers, whose critical reviews were invaluable. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Geological Society of America.",
year = "2019",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1130/G45880.1",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "47",
pages = "449--452",
journal = "Geology",
issn = "0091-7613",
publisher = "Geological Society of America",
number = "5",
}