TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of a community-policing initiative promoting substance use disorder treatment over criminal charges on arrest recidivism
AU - White, Veronica M.
AU - Avendano, Sebastian Alvarez
AU - Albert, Laura A.
AU - Zgierska, Aleksandra E.
AU - Balles, Captain Joe
AU - Zayas-Cabán, Gabriel
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported grant No. 1935550 awarded by the National Science Foundation and by grant No. 2016-WY-BX-0004 awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA). The BJA is a component of the Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The funding entities did not play a role in the project design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.The project team has been supported and received technical assistance from the project-assigned subject matter experts, Stacy Ward and Scott Decker, and staff from the SPI project Training and Technical Assistance provider through the Center for Naval Analysis (CNA), and had an opportunity to learn from the experiences of other projects, funded through the Strategies for Policing Innovation (SPI) mechanism, during the SPI conference, which took place in Washington, DC in 2017. The MARI team would also like to commend recently-retired Chief of Police Michael Koval, current Chief of Police Dr. Shon Barnes, and all the men and women from the City of Madison Police Department (MPD) on the implementation of the Madison Addiction Recovery Initiative. We especially would like to thank MPD Officers Daniel Swanson and Bernard Albright, and graduate students from the University of Wisconsin who provided assisted with the collection of data used in this project, and Jim Powell, MPD Finance Manager, for his assistance throughout this project.
Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported grant No. 1935550 awarded by the National Science Foundation and by grant No. 2016-WY-BX-0004 awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) . The BJA is a component of the Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The funding entities did not play a role in the project design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/10/1
Y1 - 2021/10/1
N2 - Background: Overdose deaths, addiction, and drug-related crime have increased in the United States over the past decade. Treatment improves outcomes, including reducing crime, but few individuals with addiction receive treatment. Here, we determine whether the Madison Addiction Recovery Initiative (MARI), a community policing program implemented by the City of Madison (Wisconsin) Police Department (MPD) that diverts adults who committed a non-violent, drug use-related crime from criminal prosecution to addiction treatment, reduces the risk of recidivism (i.e., an arrest) in the 6-month period following the index crime. Methods: Observational data were collected by the MPD for 12 months before through 6 months after an index crime from participants in the MARI program (n = 263) who referred to MARI between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2020 and a Historical Comparison group (n = 52) who committed a comparable crime between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016. Average effects were estimated using intention-to-treat (ITT), a per-protocol, and a complier average causal effects (CACE) analyses, adjusted for covariates. Results: ITT analysis did not show that MARI assignment lowered adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.59 [0.32, 1.12], p = 0.11). Per-protocol analysis showed that completing MARI lowered the adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.23 [0.10, 0.52], p < 0.001). CACE analysis indicated that assignment to MARI among individuals who would complete the MARI program if assigned to the program lowered the adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.85 [0.80, 0.90], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Diverting adults who committed a non-violent, drug use-related crime from criminal prosecution to addiction treatment may reduce 6-month recidivism.
AB - Background: Overdose deaths, addiction, and drug-related crime have increased in the United States over the past decade. Treatment improves outcomes, including reducing crime, but few individuals with addiction receive treatment. Here, we determine whether the Madison Addiction Recovery Initiative (MARI), a community policing program implemented by the City of Madison (Wisconsin) Police Department (MPD) that diverts adults who committed a non-violent, drug use-related crime from criminal prosecution to addiction treatment, reduces the risk of recidivism (i.e., an arrest) in the 6-month period following the index crime. Methods: Observational data were collected by the MPD for 12 months before through 6 months after an index crime from participants in the MARI program (n = 263) who referred to MARI between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2020 and a Historical Comparison group (n = 52) who committed a comparable crime between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016. Average effects were estimated using intention-to-treat (ITT), a per-protocol, and a complier average causal effects (CACE) analyses, adjusted for covariates. Results: ITT analysis did not show that MARI assignment lowered adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.59 [0.32, 1.12], p = 0.11). Per-protocol analysis showed that completing MARI lowered the adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.23 [0.10, 0.52], p < 0.001). CACE analysis indicated that assignment to MARI among individuals who would complete the MARI program if assigned to the program lowered the adjusted odds of 6-month recidivism (aOR = 0.85 [0.80, 0.90], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Diverting adults who committed a non-violent, drug use-related crime from criminal prosecution to addiction treatment may reduce 6-month recidivism.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108915
DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108915
M3 - Article
C2 - 34365225
AN - SCOPUS:85111904558
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 227
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
M1 - 108915
ER -