Impacts of contrasting land-use history on composition, soils, and development of mixed-oak, coastal plain forests on Shelter Island, New York

Agriculture & Biology

• soil composition 100%
• coastal plains 89%
• land use 71%
• Quercus 67%
• history 55%
• Quercus velutina 41%
• Smilax 31%
• Carya glabra 24%
• forest types 23%
• Acer rubrum 17%
• Odocoileus virginianus 16%
• charcoal 14%
• soil 13%
• understory 13%
• preserves 12%
• soil morphology 11%
• Sassafras albidum 11%
• species diversity 10%
• agriculture 9%
• Fagus grandifolia 9%
• soil chemistry 9%
• Quercus alba 8%
• overstory 8%
• plows 8%
• browsing 8%
• forest soils 7%
• soil profiles 7%
• logging 7%
• spatial variation 7%
• oceans 7%
• temporal variation 7%
• dominant species 6%
• soil nutrients 6%
• age structure 6%
• soil pH 6%
• species recruitment 5%
• shrubs 5%
• grazing 5%
• vegetation 4%
• ecology 4%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• shelter 77%
• coastal plain 75%
• oak 72%
• land use 48%
• history 41%
• soil 31%
• understory 10%
• charcoal 9%
• preserve 8%
• historical ecology 7%
• agriculture 6%
• overstory 6%
• soil chemistry 6%
• browsing 6%
• size structure 5%
• soil nutrient 5%
• deer 5%
• age structure 5%
• forest soil 4%
• soil profile 4%
• species diversity 4%
• shrub 4%
• grazing 4%
• regeneration 4%
• temporal variation 4%
• spatial variation 3%
• vegetation 2%
• ocean 2%