TY - JOUR
T1 - Impaired vascular function in exercising anovulatory premenopausal women is associated with low bone mineral density
AU - O’Donnell, Emma
AU - Scheid, Jennifer L.
AU - West, Sarah L.
AU - De Souza, Mary Jane
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded in part from by the Arthur Thornton Cardiopulmonary Fund of New Britain General Hospital and the United States Army Medical Research and Material Command Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program (Award Number PR054531).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - In estrogen-deficient post-menopausal women, osteoporosis shares a common link with cardiovascular disease risk, including endothelial dysfunction. The current study sought to examine associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and endothelial function in estrogen-deficient premenopausal women with exercise-associated menstrual disturbances. Recreationally trained women (24.3 ± 0.8 years; overall mean ± SEM) who were estrogen deficient (amenorrheic or eumenorrheic anovulatory cycles; E2Def; n = 13) or estrogen replete (eumenorrheic ovulatory cycles; E2Rep; n = 14) were studied. Total body and lumbar BMD (L1-L4) were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers of oxidative stress (oxidized low-density lipoprotein; OxLDL), energy deficiency (triiodothyronine), and bone turnover (osteocalcin, c-telopeptide X, P1NP) were assessed. Estrogen exposure was determined by assessing daily urinary estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) across a monitoring period. Calf blood flow (CBF), an index of endothelial function, was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography. CBF, total body and L1-L4 BMD, triiodothyronine and E1G were lower (P < 0.05), and c-telopeptide crosslinks higher (P < 0.05) in E2Def. Osteocalcin and OxLDL did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. L1-L4 BMD, osteocalcin, and E1G were the strongest predictors of CBF (R 2 =0.615, P < 0.001). CBF was the strongest predictor of L1-L4 BMD (R 2 =0.478, P < 0.001). L1-L4 (r = 0.558, P = 0.008) and CBF (r = 0.534, P = 0.004) were independently correlated with E1G. In young recreationally trained premenopausal women with anovulatory menstrual disturbances, low CBF predicts decreased lumbar BMD, suggesting impaired peripheral endothelial function may predict early unfavorable changes in bone metabolism. This finding may be of relevance in the early detection of cardiovascular and bone health decrements in otherwise healthy estrogen-deficient premenopausal women.
AB - In estrogen-deficient post-menopausal women, osteoporosis shares a common link with cardiovascular disease risk, including endothelial dysfunction. The current study sought to examine associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and endothelial function in estrogen-deficient premenopausal women with exercise-associated menstrual disturbances. Recreationally trained women (24.3 ± 0.8 years; overall mean ± SEM) who were estrogen deficient (amenorrheic or eumenorrheic anovulatory cycles; E2Def; n = 13) or estrogen replete (eumenorrheic ovulatory cycles; E2Rep; n = 14) were studied. Total body and lumbar BMD (L1-L4) were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers of oxidative stress (oxidized low-density lipoprotein; OxLDL), energy deficiency (triiodothyronine), and bone turnover (osteocalcin, c-telopeptide X, P1NP) were assessed. Estrogen exposure was determined by assessing daily urinary estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) across a monitoring period. Calf blood flow (CBF), an index of endothelial function, was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography. CBF, total body and L1-L4 BMD, triiodothyronine and E1G were lower (P < 0.05), and c-telopeptide crosslinks higher (P < 0.05) in E2Def. Osteocalcin and OxLDL did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. L1-L4 BMD, osteocalcin, and E1G were the strongest predictors of CBF (R 2 =0.615, P < 0.001). CBF was the strongest predictor of L1-L4 BMD (R 2 =0.478, P < 0.001). L1-L4 (r = 0.558, P = 0.008) and CBF (r = 0.534, P = 0.004) were independently correlated with E1G. In young recreationally trained premenopausal women with anovulatory menstrual disturbances, low CBF predicts decreased lumbar BMD, suggesting impaired peripheral endothelial function may predict early unfavorable changes in bone metabolism. This finding may be of relevance in the early detection of cardiovascular and bone health decrements in otherwise healthy estrogen-deficient premenopausal women.
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U2 - 10.1111/sms.13354
DO - 10.1111/sms.13354
M3 - Article
C2 - 30548536
AN - SCOPUS:85060544490
VL - 29
SP - 544
EP - 553
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
SN - 0905-7188
IS - 4
ER -
