TY - JOUR
T1 - Integration and characterization of a ferroelectric polymer PVDF-TrFE into the grain boundary structure of ZnO via cold sintering
AU - Mena-Garcia, Javier
AU - Dursun, Sinan
AU - Tsuji, Kosuke
AU - Bang, Sun Hwi
AU - Fan, Zhongming
AU - Ndayishimiye, Arnaud
AU - Randall, Clive
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics under Grant Nos. IIP-1841453 and IIP-1841466. We would like to acknowledge the staff of the Materials Characterization Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University, for aiding in the work described here and for the use of their equipment. We thank Joanne Aller for her help to prepare the manuscript. The author (J.M.) also thanks Mr. Zane Grady for helpful discussions. We also thank the members of the many companies that continue to offer support and ideas to drive this work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - In this study, the Cold Sintering Process (CSP) is used to design ceramic-polymer composites with Polyvinylidene fluoride Trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), a ferroelectric co-polymer, as an active intergranular grain boundary phase in a semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO) electroceramic matrix. The conductivity is modeled with Schottky thermionic emission and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling as a function of both temperature and voltage. In addition, through details of the dielectric characterization, the interfaces are also considered with the effective permittivity resulting with a space charge relaxation of the PVDF-TrFE. The Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) model was used to predict ~ 3 nm as the thickness of the intergranular PVDF-TrFE phase controlling electrical properties of the composite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of the grain boundary phase confirms the polymer thicknesses to the dimensions predicted from the various electric measurements and subsequent modeling.
AB - In this study, the Cold Sintering Process (CSP) is used to design ceramic-polymer composites with Polyvinylidene fluoride Trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), a ferroelectric co-polymer, as an active intergranular grain boundary phase in a semiconducting Zinc Oxide (ZnO) electroceramic matrix. The conductivity is modeled with Schottky thermionic emission and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling as a function of both temperature and voltage. In addition, through details of the dielectric characterization, the interfaces are also considered with the effective permittivity resulting with a space charge relaxation of the PVDF-TrFE. The Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) model was used to predict ~ 3 nm as the thickness of the intergranular PVDF-TrFE phase controlling electrical properties of the composite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of the grain boundary phase confirms the polymer thicknesses to the dimensions predicted from the various electric measurements and subsequent modeling.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.01.064
DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.01.064
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85124119677
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 42
SP - 2789
EP - 2797
JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
IS - 6
ER -