@article{d9d81ab10f494bf3939bf652b70df1f0,
title = "Intrinsic Conductance of Domain Walls in BiFeO3 ",
abstract = "Ferroelectric domain walls exhibit a number of new functionalities that are not present in their host material. One of these functional characteristics is electrical conductivity that may lead to future device applications. Although progress has been made, the intrinsic conductivity of BiFeO3 domain walls is still elusive. Here, the intrinsic conductivity of 71° and 109° domain walls is reported by probing the local conductance over a cross section of the BiFeO3/TbScO3 (001) heterostructure. Through a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and phase-field simulations, it is found that the 71° domain wall has an inherently charged nature, while the 109° domain wall is close to neutral. Hence, the intrinsic conductivity of the 71° domain walls is an order of magnitude larger than that of the 109° domain walls associated with bound-charge-induced bandgap lowering. Furthermore, the interaction of adjacent 71° domain walls and domain wall curvature leads to a variation of the charge distribution inside the walls, and causes a discontinuity of potential in the [110]p direction, which results in an alternative conductivity of the neighboring 71° domain walls, and a low conductivity of the 71° domain walls when measurement is taken from the film top surface.",
author = "Yi Zhang and Haidong Lu and Xingxu Yan and Xiaoxing Cheng and Lin Xie and Toshihiro Aoki and Linze Li and Colin Heikes and Lau, {Shu Ping} and Schlom, {Darrell G.} and Longqing Chen and Alexei Gruverman and Xiaoqing Pan",
note = "Funding Information: Y.Z., H.D.L., and X.X.Y. contributed equally to this work. The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Grant DE-SC0014430 (Y.Z., X.X.Y., L.Z.L., L.X., and X.Q.P.). The research at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Nebraska Materials Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC, Grant No. DMR-1420645) and by Grant No. DMR-1709237(H.D.L. and A.G.). The work at Penn State was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-FG02-07ER46417. The work at Cornell University was supported by the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under Grant Number EEC-1160504 (C.A.H. and D.G.S.). Substrate preparation was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI), which was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-1542081). The work in Hong Kong was supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University grants (1-ZVGH). The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the advanced TEM facilities in the Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI) at the University of California, Irvine. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/adma.201902099",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "31",
journal = "Advanced Materials",
issn = "0935-9648",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "36",
}