@article{b7698218eb194b29a4ce9be37c9d520d,
title = "Kinetic control of tunable multi-state switching in ferroelectric thin films",
abstract = " Deterministic creation of multiple ferroelectric states with intermediate values of polarization remains challenging due to the inherent bi-stability of ferroelectric switching. Here we show the ability to select any desired intermediate polarization value via control of the switching pathway in (111)-oriented PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 films. Such switching phenomena are driven by kinetic control of the volume fraction of two geometrically different domain structures which are generated by two distinct switching pathways: one direct, bipolar-like switching and another multi-step switching process with the formation of a thermodynamically-stable intermediate twinning structure. Such control of switching pathways is enabled by the competition between elastic and electrostatic energies which favors different types of ferroelastic switching that can occur. Overall, our work demonstrates an alternative approach that transcends the inherent bi-stability of ferroelectrics to create non-volatile, deterministic, and repeatedly obtainable multi-state polarization without compromising other important properties, and holds promise for non-volatile multi-state functional applications.",
author = "R. Xu and S. Liu and S. Saremi and R. Gao and Wang, {J. J.} and Z. Hong and H. Lu and A. Ghosh and S. Pandya and E. Bonturim and Chen, {Z. H.} and Chen, {L. Q.} and Rappe, {A. M.} and Martin, {L. W.}",
note = "Funding Information: R.X. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-1708615. S.L. acknowledges the support from Carnegie Institution for Science. S.S. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DE-SC-0012375 for the development of ferroelectric thin films. R.G. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant OISE-1545907. J.J.W. acknowledges partial support from the Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-17-1-0462. Z.J.H. and L.Q.C. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award FG02-07ER46417. H.L. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-1608938. A.G. acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation{\textquoteright}s EPiQS Initiative, under grant GBMF5307. S.P. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office under grant W911NF-14-1-0104. E.B. acknowledges support from CAPES under Grant No. 9511/2014-08. Z.H.C. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231 (Materials Project program KC23MP) for the development of novel functional materials. A.M.R. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research, under Grant N00014-17-1-2574. L.W.M. acknowledges support from Intel Corp. as part of the FEINMAN program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41467-019-09207-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Nature Communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}