@article{2ab2ae2c78da4c56a1bc5a785c465259,
title = "Language immersion and language training: Two paths to enhanced language regulation and cognitive control",
abstract = "When bilinguals switch languages they regulate the more dominant language to enable spoken production in the less dominant language. How do they engage cognitive control to accomplish regulation? We examined this issue by comparing the consequences of training on language switching in two different contexts. Chinese-English bilinguals were immersed in English (L2) while studying abroad (this study) or in Chinese (L1) in their native language environment (Zhang et al., 2015). In each study, participants performed the AX-CPT task while EEG was recorded and were then trained on language switching. While Zhang et al. found that training enhanced proactive control in the L1 context, there were no effects of training under L2 immersion conditions. Critically, L2 immersed bilinguals revealed enhanced proactive control at pre-test and greater L1 inhibition on language switching relative to L1 immersed bilinguals. We hypothesize that L2 immersion creates a natural training context that increases reliance on proactive control to enable regulation of the L1.",
author = "Haoyun Zhang and Diaz, {Michele T.} and Taomei Guo and Kroll, {Judith F.}",
note = "Funding Information: This project was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants OISE-0968369 and OISE-1545900 to J.F. Kroll. The Zhang et al. (2015) study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170970) to Taomei Guo. The writing of this paper was supported by NIH Grant HD082796 and NSF Grant BCS-1535124 to Judith Kroll and R01 AG034138 from the National Institute on Aging to Michele Diaz. We thank Matthew Downing and Wen Sun for assistance with data collection and the staff at the Center for Language Science (CLS) for research support. Funding Information: This project was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants OISE-0968369 and OISE-1545900 to J.F. Kroll. The Zhang et al. (2015) study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170970) to Taomei Guo. The writing of this paper was supported by NIH Grant HD082796 and NSF Grant BCS-1535124 to Judith Kroll and R01 AG034138 from the National Institute on Aging to Michele Diaz. We thank Matthew Downing and Wen Sun for assistance with data collection and the staff at the Center for Language Science (CLS) for research support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105043",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "223",
journal = "Brain and Language",
issn = "0093-934X",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}