Logging damage during planned and unplanned logging operations in the eastern Amazon

Agriculture & Biology

• logging 100%
• felling 30%
• man-made trails 23%
• bulldozers 20%
• tree trunk 19%
• t-test 12%
• winches 12%
• forest roads 6%
• Amazonia 4%
• tropical forests 4%
• vines 3%
• tree crown 3%
• profits and margins 3%
• labor 3%
• methodology 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• damage 58%
• student 9%
• test 4%
• profit 4%
• rubber 3%
• tropical forest 3%
• timber 3%
• labor 3%
• road 2%
• cost 2%
• method 1%