TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular mechanisms of squamous differentiation in urothelial cell carcinoma
T2 - A paradigm for molecular subtyping of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder
AU - Adam, Rosalyn M.
AU - Degraff, David
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Background: Recent molecular characterization studies focusing on bladder cancer have provided a wealth of information, including the identification of specific molecular subtypes of this disease. Interestingly, a particular molecular subtype identified by several different groups is characterized, at least in part, by the presence of squamous differentiation (SqD) in a significant fraction of primary tumors. Tumors that exhibit SqD are extremely aggressive. Moreover, conflicting reports exist relative to the sensitivity of bladder tumors exhibiting SqD to multimodal treatment. Bladder cancers that exhibit SqD appear to be distinct clinical entities and are often associated with a specific molecular subtype; therefore, it is important to understand the molecular drivers of this process. Purpose: Because presence of SqD is closely associated with a basal molecular phenotype, we review the evidence for specific pathways in SqD. In addition, we pose key areas for future exploration.
AB - Background: Recent molecular characterization studies focusing on bladder cancer have provided a wealth of information, including the identification of specific molecular subtypes of this disease. Interestingly, a particular molecular subtype identified by several different groups is characterized, at least in part, by the presence of squamous differentiation (SqD) in a significant fraction of primary tumors. Tumors that exhibit SqD are extremely aggressive. Moreover, conflicting reports exist relative to the sensitivity of bladder tumors exhibiting SqD to multimodal treatment. Bladder cancers that exhibit SqD appear to be distinct clinical entities and are often associated with a specific molecular subtype; therefore, it is important to understand the molecular drivers of this process. Purpose: Because presence of SqD is closely associated with a basal molecular phenotype, we review the evidence for specific pathways in SqD. In addition, we pose key areas for future exploration.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84942192478&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84942192478&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.06.006
DO - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.06.006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26254697
AN - SCOPUS:84942192478
VL - 33
SP - 444
EP - 450
JO - Urologic Oncology
JF - Urologic Oncology
SN - 1078-1439
IS - 10
ER -