Nucleation and Formation Mechanisms of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate

Jeffrey A. Kerchner; J. Moon; R. E. Chodelka; A. A. Morrone; James H. Adair

Nucleation and Formation Mechanisms of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate

Jeffrey A. Kerchner, J. Moon, R. E. Chodelka, A. A. Morrone, James H. Adair

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Barium titanate powders were produced using either an amorphous hydrous Ti gel or anatase precursor in a barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) solution via a hydrothermal technique in order to discern the nucleation and formation mechanisms of BaTiO₃ as a function of Ti precursor characteristics. Isothermal reaction of the amorphous Ti hydrous gel and Ba(OH)₂ suspension is believed to be limited by a phase boundary chemical interaction. In contrast, the proposed BaTiO₃ formation mechanism from the anatase and Ba(OH)₂ mixture entails a dissolution and recrystallization process. BaTiO₃ crystallite nucleation, studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was observed at relatively low temperatures (38°C) in the amorphous hydrous Ti gel and Ba(OH)₂ mixture. Additional solution conditions required to form phase pure crystallites include a CO₂-free environment, temperature >70°C and solution pH ≥13.4. Analysis of reaction kinetics at 75°C was performed using Hancock and Sharp's modification of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach to compare observed microstructural evolution by transmission electron microscopy (I).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	106-119
Number of pages	14
Journal	ACS Symposium Series
Volume	681
State	Published - Dec 1 1998

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Chemistry(all)
Chemical Engineering(all)

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title = "Nucleation and Formation Mechanisms of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate",

abstract = "Barium titanate powders were produced using either an amorphous hydrous Ti gel or anatase precursor in a barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) solution via a hydrothermal technique in order to discern the nucleation and formation mechanisms of BaTiO3 as a function of Ti precursor characteristics. Isothermal reaction of the amorphous Ti hydrous gel and Ba(OH)2 suspension is believed to be limited by a phase boundary chemical interaction. In contrast, the proposed BaTiO3 formation mechanism from the anatase and Ba(OH)2 mixture entails a dissolution and recrystallization process. BaTiO3 crystallite nucleation, studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was observed at relatively low temperatures (38°C) in the amorphous hydrous Ti gel and Ba(OH)2 mixture. Additional solution conditions required to form phase pure crystallites include a CO2-free environment, temperature >70°C and solution pH ≥13.4. Analysis of reaction kinetics at 75°C was performed using Hancock and Sharp's modification of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach to compare observed microstructural evolution by transmission electron microscopy (I).",

author = "Kerchner, {Jeffrey A.} and J. Moon and Chodelka, {R. E.} and Morrone, {A. A.} and Adair, {James H.}",

year = "1998",

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language = "English (US)",

volume = "681",

pages = "106--119",

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T1 - Nucleation and Formation Mechanisms of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate

AU - Kerchner, Jeffrey A.

AU - Moon, J.

AU - Chodelka, R. E.

AU - Morrone, A. A.

AU - Adair, James H.

PY - 1998/12/1

Y1 - 1998/12/1

N2 - Barium titanate powders were produced using either an amorphous hydrous Ti gel or anatase precursor in a barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) solution via a hydrothermal technique in order to discern the nucleation and formation mechanisms of BaTiO3 as a function of Ti precursor characteristics. Isothermal reaction of the amorphous Ti hydrous gel and Ba(OH)2 suspension is believed to be limited by a phase boundary chemical interaction. In contrast, the proposed BaTiO3 formation mechanism from the anatase and Ba(OH)2 mixture entails a dissolution and recrystallization process. BaTiO3 crystallite nucleation, studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was observed at relatively low temperatures (38°C) in the amorphous hydrous Ti gel and Ba(OH)2 mixture. Additional solution conditions required to form phase pure crystallites include a CO2-free environment, temperature >70°C and solution pH ≥13.4. Analysis of reaction kinetics at 75°C was performed using Hancock and Sharp's modification of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach to compare observed microstructural evolution by transmission electron microscopy (I).

AB - Barium titanate powders were produced using either an amorphous hydrous Ti gel or anatase precursor in a barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) solution via a hydrothermal technique in order to discern the nucleation and formation mechanisms of BaTiO3 as a function of Ti precursor characteristics. Isothermal reaction of the amorphous Ti hydrous gel and Ba(OH)2 suspension is believed to be limited by a phase boundary chemical interaction. In contrast, the proposed BaTiO3 formation mechanism from the anatase and Ba(OH)2 mixture entails a dissolution and recrystallization process. BaTiO3 crystallite nucleation, studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was observed at relatively low temperatures (38°C) in the amorphous hydrous Ti gel and Ba(OH)2 mixture. Additional solution conditions required to form phase pure crystallites include a CO2-free environment, temperature >70°C and solution pH ≥13.4. Analysis of reaction kinetics at 75°C was performed using Hancock and Sharp's modification of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach to compare observed microstructural evolution by transmission electron microscopy (I).

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