TY - JOUR
T1 - On the role of surface fluxes and WISHE in tropical cyclone intensification
AU - Zhang, Fuqing
AU - Emanuel, Kerry
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is performed primarily during the lead author's sabbatical visit at MIT during fall 2015 sponsored by the Houghton Lecturer Fund as well as the NSF Grant AGS 1305798 and ONR Grant N000140910526. The second author gratefully acknowledges support from ONR through Grant N000141410062. The authors thank Dandan Tao, Yonghui Weng, and Ben Green for their help on the WRF experiments. We also benefited from comments from three anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of the manuscript as well as from discussions on this subject with Dan Chavas, Mike Montgomery, Heather Archambault, Rich Rotunno, and others. Computing was conducted at the Texas Advanced Computing Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Meteorological Society.
PY - 2016/5/1
Y1 - 2016/5/1
N2 - The authors show that the feedback between surface wind and surface enthalpy flux is an important influence on tropical cyclone evolution, even though, as with at least some classical instability mechanisms, such a feedback is not strictly necessary. When the wind speed is artificially capped in idealized numerical experiments, storm development is slowed and storms achieve a smaller final intensity. When it is capped in simulations of an actual storm (Hurricane Edouard of 2014), the quality of the simulations is strongly compromised; for example, little development occurs when the wind speed is capped at 5 ms-1, in contrast to the category-3 hurricane shown by observations and produced by the control experiment.
AB - The authors show that the feedback between surface wind and surface enthalpy flux is an important influence on tropical cyclone evolution, even though, as with at least some classical instability mechanisms, such a feedback is not strictly necessary. When the wind speed is artificially capped in idealized numerical experiments, storm development is slowed and storms achieve a smaller final intensity. When it is capped in simulations of an actual storm (Hurricane Edouard of 2014), the quality of the simulations is strongly compromised; for example, little development occurs when the wind speed is capped at 5 ms-1, in contrast to the category-3 hurricane shown by observations and produced by the control experiment.
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U2 - 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0011.1
DO - 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0011.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84965108938
SN - 0022-4928
VL - 73
SP - 2011
EP - 2019
JO - Journals of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF - Journals of the Atmospheric Sciences
IS - 5
ER -