Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands

Agriculture & Biology

• Abies balsamea 8%
• Acer saccharum 7%
• Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum 7%
• Betula alleghaniensis 44%
• canopy 4%
• coarse woody debris 8%
• community structure 62%
• conifers 18%
• deterioration 4%
• developmental stages 8%
• dominant species 6%
• forest management 6%
• forest stands 75%
• graminoids 7%
• hardwood forests 83%
• herbs 5%
• Lake Superior 9%
• logging 13%
• old-growth forests 7%
• organic horizons 9%
• overstory 7%
• Picea abies 6%
• Picea glauca 7%
• plant communities 62%
• second growth 100%
• species diversity 4%
• stand structure 7%
• Thuja occidentalis 9%
• transmittance 7%
• understory 18%
• vegetation 4%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• canopy 4%
• coarse woody debris 6%
• community composition 4%
• community structure 56%
• coniferous tree 15%
• developmental stage 6%
• disturbance 3%
• forest management 4%
• herb 5%
• lake 2%
• old-growth forest 6%
• overstory 6%
• plant community 63%
• plant species 4%
• prescription 5%
• rate 1%
• stand structure 6%
• sugar 5%
• transmittance 5%
• understory 16%
• vegetation 3%
• young 7%