@article{be48413317694d47a3cf3de3da4328c5,
title = "Performance of a dual layer silicon charge detector during CREAM balloon flight",
abstract = "The balloon-borne cosmic-ray experiment CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) has completed two flights in Antarctica, with a combined duration of 70 days. One of the detectors in the payload is the SCD (Silicon Charge Detector) that measures the charge of high energy cosmic rays. The SCD was assembled with silicon sensors. A sensor is a 4 × 4 array of DC-coupled PIN diode pixels with the total active area of 21 × 16 mm2. The SCD used during the first flight (December 2004-January 2005) was a single layer device, then upgraded to a dual layer device for the second flight (December 2005-January 2006), covering the total sensitive area of 779 × 795 mm2 Flight data demonstrated that adding a second layer improved SCD performance, showing excellent particle charge resolution. With a total dissipation of 136 W for the dual layer system, special care was needed in designing thermal paths to keep the detector temperature within its operational range. As a consequence, flight temperatures of the SCD, even at diurnal maximum were kept below 38° C. The SCD mechanical structure was designed to minimize the possibility of damage to the sensors and electronics from the impacts of parachute deployment and landing. The detector was recovered successfully following the flight and is being refurbished for the next flight in 2007. Details of construction, operation, and performance are presented for the dual-layered SCD flown for the second CREAM flight.",
author = "S. Nam and Ahn, {H. S.} and P. Allison and Bagliesi, {M. G.} and L. Barbier and Beatty, {J. J.} and G. Bigongiari and Brandt, {T. J.} and Jeon, {J. A.} and Childers, {J. T.} and Conklin, {N. B.} and S. Coutu and DuVernois, {M. A.} and O. Ganel and Han, {J. H.} and Kim, {K. C.} and Lee, {M. H.} and L. Lutz and P. Maestro and A. Malinine and Marrocchesi, {P. S.} and S. Minnick and Zinn, {S. Y.} and Mognet, {S. I.} and S. Nutter and Park, {I. H.} and Park, {N. H.} and Seo, {E. S.} and R. Sina and P. Walpole and J. Wu and J. Yang and Yoon, {Y. S.} and R. Zei",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank NASA/WFF, the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, the National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s Office of Polar Programs, and the Raytheon Polar Services Company in the U.S. for the provision of support systems, launch, flight operation, and payload recovery. Funding Information: Manuscript received January 16, 2007; revised June 11, 2007. This work was supported in part by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Grant and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Korea, by NASA Grants in the U.S., and by INFN in Italy. S. Nam, J. A. Jeon, I. H. Park, N. H. Park, and J. Yang are with the Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea (e-mail: swnam@ewha.ac.kr). H. S. Ahn, O. Ganel, J. H. Han, E. S. Seo, and Y. S. Yoon are with Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA. P. Allison, J. J. Beatty, and T. J. Brandt are with the Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. M. G. Bagliesi, G. Bigongiari, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, and R. Zei are with the Department of Physics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy and also with INFN-Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. L. Barbier is with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. J. T. Childers and M. A. DuVernois are with the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. N. B. Conklin, S. Coutu, and S. I. Mognet are with the Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA. K. C. Kim, M. H. Lee, L. Lutz, A. Malinine, S. Y. Zinn, R. Sina, P. Walpole, and J. Wu are with the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA. S. Minnick is with the Department of Physics, Kent State University-Tus-carawas, New Philadelphia, OH 44663-9403 USA. S. Nutter is with the Department of Physics and Geology, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41076 USA. Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNS.2007.906407",
year = "2007",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1109/TNS.2007.906407",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "54",
pages = "1743--1747",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science",
issn = "0018-9499",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "5",
}