TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical approaches to masking bitter taste
T2 - Lessons from food and pharmaceuticals
AU - Coupland, John N.
AU - Hayes, John E.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Prof. Jochen Weiss and Prof. Heike Bunjes for many helpful discussions and hospitality during a sabbatical leave for one of us (JNC). This work was partly supported by USDA Hatch Project PEN04332 funds, and a National Institutes of Health grant from the NIDCD to JEH [DC010904].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
AB - Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6
DO - 10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25205460
AN - SCOPUS:84912091375
VL - 31
SP - 2921
EP - 2939
JO - Pharmaceutical Research
JF - Pharmaceutical Research
SN - 0724-8741
IS - 11
ER -