TY - JOUR
T1 - RACORO continental boundary layer cloud investigations
T2 - 1. case study development and ensemble large-scale forcings
AU - Vogelmann, Andrew M.
AU - Fridlind, Ann M.
AU - Toto, Tami
AU - Endo, Satoshi
AU - Lin, Wuyin
AU - Wang, Jian
AU - Feng, Sha
AU - Zhang, Yunyan
AU - Turner, David D.
AU - Liu, Yangang
AU - Li, Zhijin
AU - Xie, Shaocheng
AU - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU - Zhang, Minghua
AU - Khairoutdinov, Marat
N1 - Funding Information:
Data used in this article are from the U.S. Department of Energy SGPARM Climate Research Facility (available from http:// www.archive.arm.gov) and the AAF RACORO Campaign (available from http://www.arm.gov/campaigns/ aaf2009racoro#data). We thank the entire RACORO team: the RACORO scientific steering committee, Haf Jonsson for the analysis and processing of the Twin Otter flight data and recalibration of the PCASP, the instrument mentors for their analysis and processing of data, and the DOE ARM Aerial Facility for its coordination of RACORO. We also especially acknowledge Don Collins for guidance using the SMPS data, David Cook provided informative discussions regarding the surface roughness length over the SGP, Krista Gaustad and Laura Riihimaki for special processing of MWRRET data for 8 May, and the Raman lidar mentor team of Chris Martin, John Goldsmith, and Rob Newsom for their efforts in maintaining the Raman lidar. Ozone measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were provided by the NASA/GSFC TOMS Ozone Processing Team (OPT) and obtained via the ARM External Data Center. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program under the following grants/contracts: the Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project (A.M.V., T.T., W.L., S.E., Y.L., S.F., Z.L., M.Z., and M.K.), and the Atmospheric System Research Program via DE-SC00112704 (A.M.V., Y.L., and J.W.), DE-SC0006988 (A.M.F. and A.S.A.), and DE-SC0006898 (D.D.T.). A.M.F. and A.S.A. used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center, and received additional support from the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Work at LLNL was supported by the DOE ARM program and performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (Y.Z. and S.X.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Observation-based modeling case studies of continental boundary layer clouds have been developed to study cloudy boundary layers, aerosol influences upon them, and their representation in cloud- and global-scale models. Three 60 h case study periods span the temporal evolution of cumulus, stratiform, and drizzling boundary layer cloud systems, representing mixed and transitional states rather than idealized or canonical cases. Based on in situ measurements from the Routine AAF (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility) CLOWD (Clouds with Low Optical Water Depth) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign and remote sensing observations, the cases are designed with a modular configuration to simplify use in large-eddy simulations (LES) and single-column models. Aircraft measurements of aerosol number size distribution are fit to lognormal functions for concise representation in models. Values of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, κ, are derived from observations to be ~0.10, which are lower than the 0.3 typical over continents and suggestive of a large aerosol organic fraction. Ensemble large-scale forcing data sets are derived from the ARM variational analysis, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and a multiscale data assimilation system. The forcings are assessed through comparison of measured bulk atmospheric and cloud properties to those computed in “trial” large-eddy simulations, where more efficient run times are enabled through modest reductions in grid resolution and domain size compared to the full-sized LES grid. Simulations capture many of the general features observed, but the state-of-the-art forcings were limited at representing details of cloud onset, and tight gradients and high-resolution transients of importance. Methods for improving the initial conditions and forcings are discussed. The cases developed are available to the general modeling community for studying continental boundary clouds.
AB - Observation-based modeling case studies of continental boundary layer clouds have been developed to study cloudy boundary layers, aerosol influences upon them, and their representation in cloud- and global-scale models. Three 60 h case study periods span the temporal evolution of cumulus, stratiform, and drizzling boundary layer cloud systems, representing mixed and transitional states rather than idealized or canonical cases. Based on in situ measurements from the Routine AAF (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility) CLOWD (Clouds with Low Optical Water Depth) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign and remote sensing observations, the cases are designed with a modular configuration to simplify use in large-eddy simulations (LES) and single-column models. Aircraft measurements of aerosol number size distribution are fit to lognormal functions for concise representation in models. Values of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, κ, are derived from observations to be ~0.10, which are lower than the 0.3 typical over continents and suggestive of a large aerosol organic fraction. Ensemble large-scale forcing data sets are derived from the ARM variational analysis, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and a multiscale data assimilation system. The forcings are assessed through comparison of measured bulk atmospheric and cloud properties to those computed in “trial” large-eddy simulations, where more efficient run times are enabled through modest reductions in grid resolution and domain size compared to the full-sized LES grid. Simulations capture many of the general features observed, but the state-of-the-art forcings were limited at representing details of cloud onset, and tight gradients and high-resolution transients of importance. Methods for improving the initial conditions and forcings are discussed. The cases developed are available to the general modeling community for studying continental boundary clouds.
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U2 - 10.1002/2014JD022713
DO - 10.1002/2014JD022713
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84955749226
VL - 120
SP - 5962
EP - 5992
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
SN - 2169-897X
IS - 12
ER -