Abstract
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions. A large-scale analysis of ancient genomes from Central and South America yields insights into the peopling of the Americas, including four southward population spreads and notable population continuity in much of South America after arrival.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1185-1197.e22 |
| Journal | Cell |
| Volume | 175 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 15 2018 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
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In: Cell, Vol. 175, No. 5, 15.11.2018, p. 1185-1197.e22.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
AU - Posth, Cosimo
AU - Nakatsuka, Nathan
AU - Lazaridis, Iosif
AU - Skoglund, Pontus
AU - Mallick, Swapan
AU - Lamnidis, Thiseas C.
AU - Rohland, Nadin
AU - Nägele, Kathrin
AU - Adamski, Nicole
AU - Bertolini, Emilie
AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen
AU - Cooper, Alan
AU - Culleton, Brendan J.
AU - Ferraz, Tiago
AU - Ferry, Matthew
AU - Furtwängler, Anja
AU - Haak, Wolfgang
AU - Harkins, Kelly
AU - Harper, Thomas K.
AU - Hünemeier, Tábita
AU - Lawson, Ann Marie
AU - Llamas, Bastien
AU - Michel, Megan
AU - Nelson, Elizabeth
AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas
AU - Patterson, Nick
AU - Schiffels, Stephan
AU - Sedig, Jakob
AU - Stewardson, Kristin
AU - Talamo, Sahra
AU - Wang, Chuan Chao
AU - Hublin, Jean Jacques
AU - Hubbe, Mark
AU - Harvati, Katerina
AU - Nuevo Delaunay, Amalia
AU - Beier, Judith
AU - Francken, Michael
AU - Kaulicke, Peter
AU - Reyes-Centeno, Hugo
AU - Rademaker, Kurt
AU - Trask, Willa R.
AU - Robinson, Mark
AU - Gutierrez, Said M.
AU - Prufer, Keith M.
AU - Salazar-García, Domingo C.
AU - Chim, Eliane N.
AU - Müller Plumm Gomes, Lisiane
AU - Alves, Marcony L.
AU - Liryo, Andersen
AU - Inglez, Mariana
AU - Oliveira, Rodrigo E.
AU - Bernardo, Danilo V.
AU - Barioni, Alberto
AU - Wesolowski, Veronica
AU - Scheifler, Nahuel A.
AU - Rivera, Mario A.
AU - Plens, Claudia R.
AU - Messineo, Pablo G.
AU - Figuti, Levy
AU - Corach, Daniel
AU - Scabuzzo, Clara
AU - Eggers, Sabine
AU - DeBlasis, Paulo
AU - Reindel, Markus
AU - Méndez, César
AU - Politis, Gustavo
AU - Tomasto-Cagigao, Elsa
AU - Kennett, Douglas J.
AU - Strauss, André
AU - Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
AU - Krause, Johannes
AU - Reich, David
N1 - Funding Information: In Belize, we thank the Institute of Archaeology, our Maya collaborators, and the Ya'axché Conservation Trust for providing opportunities to consult with their community. In Argentina, we thank the Comunidad Indígena Mapuche-Tehuelche Cacique Pincen for supporting sampling of skeletal material from Laguna Chica. In Peru, we thank Johny Isla-Cuadrado and the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History for permission to sample skeletal material. In Brazil, we thank all of the individuals who participated in the Lagoa Santa studies; J. Hein, R. Tavares de Oliveira, J. Bárbara Filh; and institutional support from the IEF, IPHAN IBAMA, and the cities of Matozinhos, Lagoa Santa and Pedro Leopoldo. We thank S. Fiedel, Q. Fu, C. Jeong, T. Kivisild, M. Lipson, V. Narasimhan, I. Olalde, B. Potter, A. Scally, C. Scheib, O. Semino, A. Torroni, and T. Stafford for critical comments. We are grateful to M. O'Reilly for graphic design help. We thank the wet laboratory and computational teams at MPI-SHH and at Harvard Medical School. L.F.-S. was supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (SC-14-62), a Hellman Foundation fellowship, and the NSF (A15-0187-001). N.N. was supported by the NIGMS (GM007753). P.S. was supported by Cancer Research UK (FC001595), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001595), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001595). C.M. and A.N.D. were supported by FONDECYT #1170408 and CONICYT R17A10002. Archaeological research in Argentina was funded by the National Geographic Society (9773-15), ANPCYT (PICT 2014-2070), and CONICET (PIP 0414). B.L., W.H., and A.C. were supported by the ARC and received sequencing support funding from The Environment Institute at Adelaide University. Funding for the Belize research to K.M.P. and D.J.K. came from the NSF (BCS1632061, BCS1632144), to K.M.P. from the Alphawood Foundation, and to D.J.K. and B.J.C. from the NSF Archaeometry program (BCS-1460369). The Cuncaicha work was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation fellowship (K.R.), the DFG (FOR 2237, INST 37/706, FOR 2237), the Pontifical Catholic University of Lima, and Northern Illinois University. D.C. is Superior Researcher of CONICET. Financial support for research in Brazil was provided by FAPESP (99/12684-2, 04/01321-6, 04/11038-0, 2016/1237-1, and 2017/16451-2). D.R. was supported by the NSF (BCS-1032255), the NIGMS (GM100233), by an Allen Discovery Center grant, and is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We refer readers to two other manuscripts that are being published simultaneously with this one for independent analyses of ancient DNA samples from the Americas (Moreno-Mayar et al., 2018b; Lindo et al., 2018). This manuscript is dedicated to the National Museum of Brazil, whose irreplaceable collections of natural and cultural material were lost in the fire of September 2, 2018. Funding Information: In Belize, we thank the Institute of Archaeology, our Maya collaborators, and the Ya’axché Conservation Trust for providing opportunities to consult with their community. In Argentina, we thank the Comunidad Indígena Mapuche-Tehuelche Cacique Pincen for supporting sampling of skeletal material from Laguna Chica. In Peru, we thank Johny Isla-Cuadrado and the National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History for permission to sample skeletal material. In Brazil, we thank all of the individuals who participated in the Lagoa Santa studies; J. Hein, R. Tavares de Oliveira, J. Bárbara Filh; and institutional support from the IEF, IPHAN IBAMA, and the cities of Matozinhos, Lagoa Santa and Pedro Leopoldo. We thank S. Fiedel, Q. Fu, C. Jeong, T. Kivisild, M. Lipson, V. Narasimhan, I. Olalde, B. Potter, A. Scally, C. Scheib, O. Semino, A. Torroni, and T. Stafford for critical comments. We are grateful to M. O’Reilly for graphic design help. We thank the wet laboratory and computational teams at MPI-SHH and at Harvard Medical School. L.F.-S. was supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundation ( SC-14-62 ), a Hellman Foundation fellowship, and the NSF ( A15-0187-001 ). N.N. was supported by the NIGMS ( GM007753 ). P.S. was supported by Cancer Research UK ( FC001595 ), the UK Medical Research Council ( FC001595 ), and the Wellcome Trust ( FC001595 ). C.M. and A.N.D. were supported by FONDECYT #1170408 and CONICYT R17A10002 . Archaeological research in Argentina was funded by the National Geographic Society ( 9773-15 ), ANPCYT ( PICT 2014-2070 ), and CONICET ( PIP 0414 ). B.L., W.H., and A.C. were supported by the ARC and received sequencing support funding from The Environment Institute at Adelaide University . Funding for the Belize research to K.M.P. and D.J.K. came from the NSF ( BCS1632061 , BCS1632144 ), to K.M.P. from the Alphawood Foundation , and to D.J.K. and B.J.C. from the NSF Archaeometry program ( BCS-1460369 ). The Cuncaicha work was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation fellowship (K.R.), the DFG ( FOR 2237 , INST 37/706 , FOR 2237 ), the Pontifical Catholic University of Lima , and Northern Illinois University . D.C. is Superior Researcher of CONICET. Financial support for research in Brazil was provided by FAPESP ( 99/12684-2 , 04/01321-6 , 04/11038-0 , 2016/1237-1 , and 2017/16451-2 ). D.R. was supported by the NSF ( BCS-1032255 ), the NIGMS ( GM100233 ), by an Allen Discovery Center grant, and is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We refer readers to two other manuscripts that are being published simultaneously with this one for independent analyses of ancient DNA samples from the Americas ( Moreno-Mayar et al., 2018b; Lindo et al., 2018 ). This manuscript is dedicated to the National Museum of Brazil, whose irreplaceable collections of natural and cultural material were lost in the fire of September 2, 2018. Publisher Copyright: © 2018
PY - 2018/11/15
Y1 - 2018/11/15
N2 - We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions. A large-scale analysis of ancient genomes from Central and South America yields insights into the peopling of the Americas, including four southward population spreads and notable population continuity in much of South America after arrival.
AB - We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions. A large-scale analysis of ancient genomes from Central and South America yields insights into the peopling of the Americas, including four southward population spreads and notable population continuity in much of South America after arrival.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056451563&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85056451563&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027
M3 - Article
C2 - 30415837
AN - SCOPUS:85056451563
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 175
SP - 1185-1197.e22
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 5
ER -