TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex and pubertal status moderate the association between ADHD and depression symptoms
T2 - An examination from preadolescence through late adolescence
AU - Babinski, Dara E.
AU - Waschbusch, Daniel A.
AU - Waxmonsky, James G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Submitted: August 28, 2018; accepted November 30, 2018. Published online: May 21, 2019. Disclosure of off-label usage: The authors have determined that, to the best of their knowledge, no investigational information about pharmaceutical agents that is outside US Food and Drug Administration–approved labeling has been presented in this article. Financial disclosure: In the past 3 years, Dr Waxmonsky has received research funding from National Institutes of Health, Supernus, and Pfizer and served on the advisory boards for Noven, Ironshore, NLS Pharma, and Purdue Pharma. Dr Babinski has received research support from Purdue Pharma. Dr Waschbusch has no personal affiliations or financial relationships with any commercial interest to disclose relative to the article. Funding/support: Dr Babinski’s research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health award number K12HD055882. Disclaimer: This presentation reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the MTA 192 Study Investigators or the National Institutes of Health. Additional information: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the limited access datasets distributed from the National Institutes of Health–supported Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA). This is a multisite, clinical trial and long-term follow-up study of children with ADHD who were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment modalities. The study was conducted by the MTA Cooperative Group and supported by the National Institute of Mental Health with funds also contributed by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Education. The MTA Study has been supported by the following grant numbers: U01MH50440, U01MH50447, U01MH50453, U01MH50454, U01MH50461, and U01MH50467 and the following contract numbers: N01MH19204, N01MH19207, N01MH19208, N01MH19209, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. N01MH19210, N01MH19211, N01MH19212, Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(10):1044–1051.PubMed CrossRef HHSN271920800003-C, HHSN271920800004-C, 9. Hinshaw SP, Owens EB, Zalecki C, et al. HHSN271920800005-C, HHSN271920800006-C, Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-HHSN271920800007-C, HHSN271920800008-C, deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early and HHSN271920800009-C. The ClinicalTrials.gov adulthood: continuing impairment includes identifier is NCT00000388. elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury. J Consult Clin Psychol.
Funding Information:
All individuals in a position to influence the content of this activity were asked to complete a statement regarding all relevant personal financial relationships between themselves or their spouse/partner and any commercial interest. The CME Institute has resolved any conflicts of interest that were identified. In the past year, Marlene P. Freeman, MD, Editor in Chief, has received research funding from JayMac and Sage; has been a member of the advisory boards for Otsuka, Alkermes, and Sunovion; has been a member of the Independent Data Safety and Monitoring Committee for Janssen; and, as a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) employee, works with the MGH National Pregnancy Registry, which is sponsored by Teva, Alkermes, Otsuka, Actavis, and Sunovion, and works with the MGH Clinical Trials Network and Institute, which receives research funding from multiple pharmaceutical companies and the National Institute of Mental Health. No member of the CME Institute staff reported any relevant personal financial relationships. Faculty financial disclosure appears at the end of the article.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2019 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Objective: This study examines the effects of sex and pubertal status on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression symptoms in preadolescence through late adolescence. Methods: Participants were 472 youth from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD. The study sample included 308 youth with DSM-IV ADHD, recruited from 1993 through 1996, and 164 comparison youth who were recruited approximately 2 years later. Self-reported depression symptoms from the Children's Depression Inventory and pubertal status from the Tanner Self-Report Scale were collected, along with combined parent-teacher reports of ADHD. Regression analyses examined the impact of ADHD, sex, pubertal status, and their interactions on total depression symptoms and related subscales (ie, negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, and negative self-esteem) in preadolescence. Next, path models examined associations between ADHD, sex, and pubertal status on depression symptoms into middle and late adolescence. Results: In preadolescence, significant ADHD × sex × puberty interactions emerged for total depression symptoms and anhedonia (P<.05). Higher levels of ADHD severity were associated with higher levels of depression in early maturing girls and later maturing boys. Effects appear to be driven by anhedonia. Longitudinal effects emerged showing that total depression symptoms and anhedonia in preadolescence predicted levels of each respective outcome into late adolescence. Conclusions: Sex and pubertal status meaningfully impact the association between ADHD and depression symptoms in youth and should be considered in future work and treatment.
AB - Objective: This study examines the effects of sex and pubertal status on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression symptoms in preadolescence through late adolescence. Methods: Participants were 472 youth from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD. The study sample included 308 youth with DSM-IV ADHD, recruited from 1993 through 1996, and 164 comparison youth who were recruited approximately 2 years later. Self-reported depression symptoms from the Children's Depression Inventory and pubertal status from the Tanner Self-Report Scale were collected, along with combined parent-teacher reports of ADHD. Regression analyses examined the impact of ADHD, sex, pubertal status, and their interactions on total depression symptoms and related subscales (ie, negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, and negative self-esteem) in preadolescence. Next, path models examined associations between ADHD, sex, and pubertal status on depression symptoms into middle and late adolescence. Results: In preadolescence, significant ADHD × sex × puberty interactions emerged for total depression symptoms and anhedonia (P<.05). Higher levels of ADHD severity were associated with higher levels of depression in early maturing girls and later maturing boys. Effects appear to be driven by anhedonia. Longitudinal effects emerged showing that total depression symptoms and anhedonia in preadolescence predicted levels of each respective outcome into late adolescence. Conclusions: Sex and pubertal status meaningfully impact the association between ADHD and depression symptoms in youth and should be considered in future work and treatment.
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U2 - 10.4088/JCP.18m12548
DO - 10.4088/JCP.18m12548
M3 - Article
C2 - 31120201
AN - SCOPUS:85066480850
VL - 80
JO - Diseases of the Nervous System
JF - Diseases of the Nervous System
SN - 0160-6689
IS - 3
M1 - 18m12548
ER -
