TY - JOUR
T1 - Single step densification of high permittivity BaTiO3 ceramics at 300 ºC
AU - Tsuji, Kosuke
AU - Ndayishimiye, Arnaud
AU - Lowum, Sarah
AU - Floyd, Richard
AU - Wang, Ke
AU - Wetherington, Maxwell
AU - Maria, Jon Paul
AU - Randall, Clive A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors would like to acknowledge the late Amanda Baker for her experimental help at the early stage of this project. Authors also would like to thank Ms. Joanne Aller for her help to prepare the manuscript. K.T. is also thankful to Mr. SunHwi Bang for a proper temperature measurement. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation , as part of the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics under Grant Nos. IIP- 1361571 and 1361503 . We also thank the members of the many companies that continue to offer support and ideas to drive this work. Appendix A
Funding Information:
Authors would like to acknowledge the late Amanda Baker for her experimental help at the early stage of this project. Authors also would like to thank Ms. Joanne Aller for her help to prepare the manuscript. K.T. is also thankful to Mr. SunHwi Bang for a proper temperature measurement. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics under Grant Nos. IIP-1361571 and 1361503. We also thank the members of the many companies that continue to offer support and ideas to drive this work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/4
Y1 - 2020/4
N2 - Dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics are prepared in a single step by the Cold Sintering Process at 300 °C, under a uniaxial pressure of 520 MPa for 12 h using a molten hydroxide flux. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a dense microstructure with sharp grain boundaries. The average grain sizes are 75−150 nm depending on the flux amount. The dielectric permittivity is 700–1800 at room temperature at 106 Hz, with a dielectric loss, tan δ ∼ 0.04. The difference in permittivity and phase transition behavior are explained in terms of the intrinsic size effect of the BaTiO3. The nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics still shows a macroscopic ferroelectric switching via a hysteresis loop. This work demonstrates that cold-sintering process could enable the densification of ferroelectric oxides in a single step. Futhermore, comparable dielectric properties to reported values for nanocrystalline grains are obtained, but at this time, with the lowest processing temperatures ever used.
AB - Dense nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics are prepared in a single step by the Cold Sintering Process at 300 °C, under a uniaxial pressure of 520 MPa for 12 h using a molten hydroxide flux. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a dense microstructure with sharp grain boundaries. The average grain sizes are 75−150 nm depending on the flux amount. The dielectric permittivity is 700–1800 at room temperature at 106 Hz, with a dielectric loss, tan δ ∼ 0.04. The difference in permittivity and phase transition behavior are explained in terms of the intrinsic size effect of the BaTiO3. The nanocrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics still shows a macroscopic ferroelectric switching via a hysteresis loop. This work demonstrates that cold-sintering process could enable the densification of ferroelectric oxides in a single step. Futhermore, comparable dielectric properties to reported values for nanocrystalline grains are obtained, but at this time, with the lowest processing temperatures ever used.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.12.022
DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.12.022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85077146977
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 40
SP - 1280
EP - 1284
JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
IS - 4
ER -