TY - JOUR
T1 - Targeted and non-targeted analysis of young-of-year smallmouth bass using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry
AU - Teehan, Paige
AU - Schall, Megan K.
AU - Blazer, Vicki S.
AU - Dorman, Frank L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Kevin Siek of LECO Corporation for help with data analysis. We also thank Geoff Smith and others in Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission and Tim Wertz and others in Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for fish collections. Funding for this work was provided by Pennsylvania Sea Grant and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health and Species Management Research (Fisheries) programs within the Ecosystems Mission Area. Any mention of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Industrial support for this project was provided by LECO Corporation and Restek Corporation.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Kevin Siek of LECO Corporation for help with data analysis. We also thank Geoff Smith and others in Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission and Tim Wertz and others in Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for fish collections. Funding for this work was provided by Pennsylvania Sea Grant and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Environmental Health and Species Management Research (Fisheries) programs within the Ecosystems Mission Area. Any mention of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Industrial support for this project was provided by LECO Corporation and Restek Corporation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - Smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA, have been exhibiting clinical signs of disease and reproductive endocrine disruption (e.g., intersex, male plasma vitellogenin) for over fifteen years. Previous histological and targeted chemical analyses have identified infectious agents and pollutants in fish tissues including organic contaminants, mercury, and perfluorinated compounds, but a common causative link for the observed signs of disease across this widespread area has not been determined. This study examines 146 young-of-year smallmouth bass collected from 14 sampling sites in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania, USA with varying levels of disease prevalence. Whole fish were extracted by a recently developed modification to the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A targeted analysis was conducted to identify the presence and quantity of 127 known contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorinated pesticides, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. A non-targeted analysis was conducted on the same data set to identify analytes of interest not included on routine target compound lists. Chromatographic alignment through Statistical Compare (ChromaTOF GC) was followed by Fisher ratio and principal component analysis to reduce the data set from thousands of peaks per sample to a final data set of 65 analytes of interest. Comparisons of these 65 compounds between Normal (no observed health anomalies) and Lesioned (observed health anomaly at time of collection) fish revealed increased levels of three chemical families in Lesioned fish including esters, ketones, and nitrogen containing compounds.
AB - Smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA, have been exhibiting clinical signs of disease and reproductive endocrine disruption (e.g., intersex, male plasma vitellogenin) for over fifteen years. Previous histological and targeted chemical analyses have identified infectious agents and pollutants in fish tissues including organic contaminants, mercury, and perfluorinated compounds, but a common causative link for the observed signs of disease across this widespread area has not been determined. This study examines 146 young-of-year smallmouth bass collected from 14 sampling sites in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania, USA with varying levels of disease prevalence. Whole fish were extracted by a recently developed modification to the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A targeted analysis was conducted to identify the presence and quantity of 127 known contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorinated pesticides, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. A non-targeted analysis was conducted on the same data set to identify analytes of interest not included on routine target compound lists. Chromatographic alignment through Statistical Compare (ChromaTOF GC) was followed by Fisher ratio and principal component analysis to reduce the data set from thousands of peaks per sample to a final data set of 65 analytes of interest. Comparisons of these 65 compounds between Normal (no observed health anomalies) and Lesioned (observed health anomaly at time of collection) fish revealed increased levels of three chemical families in Lesioned fish including esters, ketones, and nitrogen containing compounds.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85115908456&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150378
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150378
M3 - Article
C2 - 34600210
AN - SCOPUS:85115908456
VL - 806
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 150378
ER -