TY - JOUR
T1 - Temporal evolution of green stormwater infrastructure strategies in three us cities
AU - McPhillips, Lauren E.
AU - Matsler, A. Marissa
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge financial support for this work from the Urban Resilience to Extreme Weather-Related Events Sustainability Research Network (URExSRN) under NSF grant no. SES-1444755. We are also grateful to many city practitioners for critical insight. From City of Baltimore, we thank the Department of Public Works (DPW) for providing SCM data via John Lagrosa of University of Maryland-Baltimore County and Rosanna La Plante (Baltimore DPW) and Bill Stack (Center for Watershed Protection) for reviewing portions of our paper. From City of Phoenix, we thank Kathy Groeger and Leigh Padgitt (City of Phoenix) for providing SCM data, Kelli Sertich (Flood Control District of Maricopa County) for clarifying important timepoints, and Hasan Mushtaq (City of Phoenix) and Leigh Padgitt for reviewing portions of our paper. From the City of Portland, we thank the Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) for providing SCM data and Tim Kurtz (Portland BES) and Jennifer Belknap Williamson (Port of Portland) for reviewing portions of our paper. Additionally we are appreciative of insightful feedback provided by Zbigniew Grabowski and two other reviewers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 McPhillips and Matsler.
PY - 2018/5/1
Y1 - 2018/5/1
N2 - Over the last several decades, interest in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has rapidly increased, particularly given its potential to provide stormwater management in conjunction with other ecosystem services and co-benefits such as urban heat island mitigation or habitat provision. Here we explore the implementation of GSI in three US cities – Baltimore (Maryland), Phoenix (Arizona), and Portland (Oregon). We examine the trends in GSI construction over several decades, highlighting changes in implementation rates and GSI types with concurrent regulatory and economic changes. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these GSI portfolios for ecosystem service delivery in urban areas. Results indicate that Portland's quantity of GSI is approximately ten times greater than the quantity of GSI in Phoenix or Baltimore. However, Baltimore has the most diverse portfolio of GSI types. In Phoenix, regional stormwater policies focused on flood control have led to retention basins being the dominant GSI type for decades. In contrast, Portland and Baltimore both have had substantial changes in their GSI portfolios over time, with transitions from detention or retention basins and underground facilities toward filters, infiltration facilities, and swales. These changes favor increased water quality function as well as provision of other ecosystem services. Additionally, we find evidence that each city followed a different GSI implementation pathway, with Portland's combined sewer overflow program influencing initial development of GSI, while state legislation and regional water quality pressures played a major role in Baltimore's GSI development. By studying the evolution of GSI in these different cities, we can see the variability in stormwater management trajectories and how they manifest in different suites of benefits. We hope that continued research of GSI implementation and performance will identify opportunities for future improvement of these infrastructures.
AB - Over the last several decades, interest in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has rapidly increased, particularly given its potential to provide stormwater management in conjunction with other ecosystem services and co-benefits such as urban heat island mitigation or habitat provision. Here we explore the implementation of GSI in three US cities – Baltimore (Maryland), Phoenix (Arizona), and Portland (Oregon). We examine the trends in GSI construction over several decades, highlighting changes in implementation rates and GSI types with concurrent regulatory and economic changes. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these GSI portfolios for ecosystem service delivery in urban areas. Results indicate that Portland's quantity of GSI is approximately ten times greater than the quantity of GSI in Phoenix or Baltimore. However, Baltimore has the most diverse portfolio of GSI types. In Phoenix, regional stormwater policies focused on flood control have led to retention basins being the dominant GSI type for decades. In contrast, Portland and Baltimore both have had substantial changes in their GSI portfolios over time, with transitions from detention or retention basins and underground facilities toward filters, infiltration facilities, and swales. These changes favor increased water quality function as well as provision of other ecosystem services. Additionally, we find evidence that each city followed a different GSI implementation pathway, with Portland's combined sewer overflow program influencing initial development of GSI, while state legislation and regional water quality pressures played a major role in Baltimore's GSI development. By studying the evolution of GSI in these different cities, we can see the variability in stormwater management trajectories and how they manifest in different suites of benefits. We hope that continued research of GSI implementation and performance will identify opportunities for future improvement of these infrastructures.
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U2 - 10.3389/fbuil.2018.00026
DO - 10.3389/fbuil.2018.00026
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85058162513
SN - 2297-3362
VL - 4
JO - Frontiers in Built Environment
JF - Frontiers in Built Environment
M1 - 26
ER -