@article{f65cfaf31f354e40882c356474294441,
title = "The Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM) timing charge detector",
abstract = "The use of detectors based on plastic scintillator with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is common in cosmic-ray experiments to differentiate particle charges. However, in the presence of a calorimeter, the standard method of pulse charge integration over a time longer than a PMT pulse is hampered by abundant albedo particles. The Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM) instrument surmounts this problem by measuring the peak voltage of the PMT pulse within ∼ 3 ns of a threshold crossing in the readout of a timing charge detector (TCD). The design and performance of the TCD is presented. A charge resolution of 0.2 e for oxygen and 0.4 e for iron is obtained for through-going cosmic-ray particles.",
author = "Ahn, {H. S.} and Allison, {P. S.} and Bagliesi, {M. G.} and Beatty, {J. J.} and G. Bigongiari and P. Boyle and Childers, {J. T.} and Conklin, {N. B.} and S. Coutu and DuVernois, {M. A.} and O. Ganel and Han, {J. H.} and Jeon, {J. A.} and Kim, {K. C.} and Lee, {J. K.} and Lee, {M. H.} and L. Lutz and P. Maestro and A. Malinin and Marrocchesi, {P. S.} and Minnick, {S. A.} and Mognet, {S. I.} and Nam, {S. W.} and Nutter, {S. L.} and Park, {I. H.} and Park, {N. H.} and Seo, {E. S.} and R. Sina and Swordy, {S. P.} and Wakely, {S. P.} and J. Wu and J. Yang and Yoon, {Y. S.} and R. Zei and Zinn, {S. Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors wish to acknowledge NASA/Wallops Flight Facility for provision and operation of flight support systems; Scott Posey, Leland Engel, and John Passaneau for their help with the design and construction of the TCD electronics and hardware; and Columbia Scientific Ballooning Facility, National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, and Raytheon Polar Services Company for outstanding support of launch, flight and recovery operations in Antarctica.",
year = "2009",
month = apr,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.170",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "602",
pages = "525--536",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",
issn = "0168-9002",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "2",
}