Abstract
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | aat7487 |
| Journal | Science |
| Volume | 365 |
| Issue number | 6457 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 6 2019 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
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The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia. / Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; Bernardos, Rebecca; Mallick, Swapan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Olalde, Iñigo; Lipson, Mark; Kim, Alexander M.; Olivieri, Luca M.; Coppa, Alfredo; Vidale, Massimo; Mallory, James; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Kitov, Egor; Monge, Janet; Adamski, Nicole; Alex, Neel; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Candilio, Francesca; Callan, Kimberly; Cheronet, Olivia; Culleton, Brendan J.; Ferry, Matthew; Fernandes, Daniel; Freilich, Suzanne; Gamarra, Beatriz; Gaudio, Daniel; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Harney, Éadaoin; Harper, Thomas K.; Keating, Denise; Lawson, Ann Marie; Mah, Matthew; Mandl, Kirsten; Michel, Megan; Novak, Mario; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Rai, Niraj; Sirak, Kendra; Slon, Viviane; Stewardson, Kristin; Zalzala, Fatma; Zhang, Zhao; Akhatov, Gaziz; Bagashev, Anatoly N.; Bagnera, Alessandra; Baitanayev, Bauryzhan; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio; Bissembaev, Arman A.; Bonora, Gian Luca; Chargynov, Temirlan T.; Chikisheva, Tatiana; Dashkovskiy, Petr K.; Derevianko, Anatoly; Dobeš, Miroslav; Douka, Katerina; Dubova, Nadezhda; Duisengali, Meiram N.; Enshin, Dmitry; Epimakhov, Andrey; Fribus, Alexey V.; Fuller, Dorian; Goryachev, Alexander; Gromov, Andrey; Grushin, Sergey P.; Hanks, Bryan; Judd, Margaret; Kazizov, Erlan; Khokhlov, Aleksander; Krygin, Aleksander P.; Kupriyanova, Elena; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Luiselli, Donata; Maksudov, Farhod; Mamedov, Aslan M.; Mamirov, Talgat B.; Meiklejohn, Christopher; Merrett, Deborah C.; Micheli, Roberto; Mochalov, Oleg; Mustafokulov, Samariddin; Nayak, Ayushi; Pettener, Davide; Potts, Richard; Razhev, Dmitry; Rykun, Marina; Sarno, Stefania; Savenkova, Tatyana M.; Sikhymbaeva, Kulyan; Slepchenko, Sergey M.; Soltobaev, Oroz A.; Stepanova, Nadezhda; Svyatko, Svetlana; Tabaldiev, Kubatbek; Teschler-Nicola, Maria; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Tkachev, Vitaly V.; Vasilyev, Sergey; Velemínský, Petr; Voyakin, Dmitriy; Yermolayeva, Antonina; Zahir, Muhammad; Zubkov, Valery S.; Zubova, Alisa; Shinde, Vasant S.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Meyer, Matthias; Anthony, David; Boivin, Nicole; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Kennett, Douglas J.; Frachetti, Michael; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David.
In: Science, Vol. 365, No. 6457, aat7487, 06.09.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia
AU - Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.
AU - Patterson, Nick
AU - Moorjani, Priya
AU - Rohland, Nadin
AU - Bernardos, Rebecca
AU - Mallick, Swapan
AU - Lazaridis, Iosif
AU - Nakatsuka, Nathan
AU - Olalde, Iñigo
AU - Lipson, Mark
AU - Kim, Alexander M.
AU - Olivieri, Luca M.
AU - Coppa, Alfredo
AU - Vidale, Massimo
AU - Mallory, James
AU - Moiseyev, Vyacheslav
AU - Kitov, Egor
AU - Monge, Janet
AU - Adamski, Nicole
AU - Alex, Neel
AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen
AU - Candilio, Francesca
AU - Callan, Kimberly
AU - Cheronet, Olivia
AU - Culleton, Brendan J.
AU - Ferry, Matthew
AU - Fernandes, Daniel
AU - Freilich, Suzanne
AU - Gamarra, Beatriz
AU - Gaudio, Daniel
AU - Hajdinjak, Mateja
AU - Harney, Éadaoin
AU - Harper, Thomas K.
AU - Keating, Denise
AU - Lawson, Ann Marie
AU - Mah, Matthew
AU - Mandl, Kirsten
AU - Michel, Megan
AU - Novak, Mario
AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas
AU - Rai, Niraj
AU - Sirak, Kendra
AU - Slon, Viviane
AU - Stewardson, Kristin
AU - Zalzala, Fatma
AU - Zhang, Zhao
AU - Akhatov, Gaziz
AU - Bagashev, Anatoly N.
AU - Bagnera, Alessandra
AU - Baitanayev, Bauryzhan
AU - Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio
AU - Bissembaev, Arman A.
AU - Bonora, Gian Luca
AU - Chargynov, Temirlan T.
AU - Chikisheva, Tatiana
AU - Dashkovskiy, Petr K.
AU - Derevianko, Anatoly
AU - Dobeš, Miroslav
AU - Douka, Katerina
AU - Dubova, Nadezhda
AU - Duisengali, Meiram N.
AU - Enshin, Dmitry
AU - Epimakhov, Andrey
AU - Fribus, Alexey V.
AU - Fuller, Dorian
AU - Goryachev, Alexander
AU - Gromov, Andrey
AU - Grushin, Sergey P.
AU - Hanks, Bryan
AU - Judd, Margaret
AU - Kazizov, Erlan
AU - Khokhlov, Aleksander
AU - Krygin, Aleksander P.
AU - Kupriyanova, Elena
AU - Kuznetsov, Pavel
AU - Luiselli, Donata
AU - Maksudov, Farhod
AU - Mamedov, Aslan M.
AU - Mamirov, Talgat B.
AU - Meiklejohn, Christopher
AU - Merrett, Deborah C.
AU - Micheli, Roberto
AU - Mochalov, Oleg
AU - Mustafokulov, Samariddin
AU - Nayak, Ayushi
AU - Pettener, Davide
AU - Potts, Richard
AU - Razhev, Dmitry
AU - Rykun, Marina
AU - Sarno, Stefania
AU - Savenkova, Tatyana M.
AU - Sikhymbaeva, Kulyan
AU - Slepchenko, Sergey M.
AU - Soltobaev, Oroz A.
AU - Stepanova, Nadezhda
AU - Svyatko, Svetlana
AU - Tabaldiev, Kubatbek
AU - Teschler-Nicola, Maria
AU - Tishkin, Alexey A.
AU - Tkachev, Vitaly V.
AU - Vasilyev, Sergey
AU - Velemínský, Petr
AU - Voyakin, Dmitriy
AU - Yermolayeva, Antonina
AU - Zahir, Muhammad
AU - Zubkov, Valery S.
AU - Zubova, Alisa
AU - Shinde, Vasant S.
AU - Lalueza-Fox, Carles
AU - Meyer, Matthias
AU - Anthony, David
AU - Boivin, Nicole
AU - Thangaraj, Kumarasamy
AU - Kennett, Douglas J.
AU - Frachetti, Michael
AU - Pinhasi, Ron
AU - Reich, David
N1 - Funding Information: N.P. carried out this work while a fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. P.M. was supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund CASI award. N.N. is supported by a NIGMS (GM007753) fellowship. T.C. and A.D. were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 14-50-00036). T.M.S. was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-09-00779) “Anthropological and archaeological aspects of ethnogenesis of the population of the southern part of Western and Central Siberia in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.” D.P., S.S., and D.L. were supported by European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG 295733 grant (Langelin). O.M. was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation No. 33.1907, 2017/P4 “Traditional and innovational models of a development of ancient Volga population”. A.E. was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation No. 33.5494, 2017/BP “Borderlands of cultural worlds (Southern Urals from Antiquity to Early Modern period).” Radiocarbon dating work supported by the NSF Archaeometry program BCS-1460369 to D.Ken. and B.J.C. and by the NSF Archaeology program BCS-1725067 to D.Ken. K.Th. was supported by NCP fund (MLP0117) of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi. N.Bo., A.N., and M.Z. were supported by the Max Planck Society. D.Re. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and his ancient DNA laboratory work was supported by National Science Foundation HOMINID grant BCS-1032255, by National Institutes of Health grant GM100233, by an Allen Discovery Center grant, and by grant 61220 from the John Templeton Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/9/6
Y1 - 2019/9/6
N2 - By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
AB - By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071752467&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071752467&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/science.aat7487
DO - 10.1126/science.aat7487
M3 - Article
C2 - 31488661
AN - SCOPUS:85071752467
VL - 365
JO - Science
JF - Science
SN - 0036-8075
IS - 6457
M1 - aat7487
ER -