The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development

D. S. Akerib; X. Bai; S. Bedikian; A. Bernstein; A. Bolozdynya; A. Bradley; S. B. Cahn; D. Carr; J. J. Chapman; K. Clark; T. Classen; A. Curioni; C. E. Dahl; S. Dazeley; L. De Viveiros; M. Dragowsky; E. Druszkiewicz; S. Fiorucci; R. J. Gaitskell; C. Hall; C. Faham; B. Holbrook; L. Kastens; K. Kazkaz; J. Kwong; R. Lander; D. Leonard; D. Malling; R. Mannino; D. N. McKinsey; D. Mei; J. Mock; M. Morii; J. A. Nikkel; P. Phelps; T. Shutt; W. Skulski; P. Sorensen; J. Spaans; T. Steigler; R. Svoboda; M. Sweany; J. Thomson; M. Tripathi; N. Walsh; R. Webb; J. White; F. L.H. Wolfs; M. Woods; C. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development

D. S. Akerib, X. Bai, S. Bedikian, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, A. Bradley, S. B. Cahn, D. Carr, J. J. Chapman, K. Clark, T. Classen, A. Curioni, C. E. Dahl, S. Dazeley, L. De Viveiros, M. Dragowsky, E. Druszkiewicz, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, C. HallC. Faham, B. Holbrook, L. Kastens, K. Kazkaz, J. Kwong, R. Lander, D. Leonard, D. Malling, R. Mannino, D. N. McKinsey, D. Mei, J. Mock, M. Morii, J. A. Nikkel, P. Phelps, T. Shutt, W. Skulski, P. Sorensen, J. Spaans, T. Steigler, R. Svoboda, M. Sweany, J. Thomson, M. Tripathi, N. Walsh, R. Webb, J. White, F. L.H. Wolfs, M. Woods, C. Zhang

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Abstract

The LUX (large underground xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large (>1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 m to be achieved in approximately 2 days and sustained for the duration of the testing period.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	29-36
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	709
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036
State	Published - 2013

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

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Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, C. E., Dazeley, S., De Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., ... Zhang, C. (2013). The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 709, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

@article{0c64125bbece42258ed076e1cf1306f1,

title = "The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development",

abstract = "The LUX (large underground xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large (>1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 m to be achieved in approximately 2 days and sustained for the duration of the testing period.",

author = "Akerib, {D. S.} and X. Bai and S. Bedikian and A. Bernstein and A. Bolozdynya and A. Bradley and Cahn, {S. B.} and D. Carr and Chapman, {J. J.} and K. Clark and T. Classen and A. Curioni and Dahl, {C. E.} and S. Dazeley and {De Viveiros}, L. and M. Dragowsky and E. Druszkiewicz and S. Fiorucci and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and C. Hall and C. Faham and B. Holbrook and L. Kastens and K. Kazkaz and J. Kwong and R. Lander and D. Leonard and D. Malling and R. Mannino and McKinsey, {D. N.} and D. Mei and J. Mock and M. Morii and Nikkel, {J. A.} and P. Phelps and T. Shutt and W. Skulski and P. Sorensen and J. Spaans and T. Steigler and R. Svoboda and M. Sweany and J. Thomson and M. Tripathi and N. Walsh and R. Webb and J. White and Wolfs, {F. L.H.} and M. Woods and C. Zhang",

note = "Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Award nos. DE-FG02-08ER41549 , DE-FG02-91ER40688 , DOE, DE-FG02-95ER40917 , DE-FG02-91ER40674 , DE-FG02-11ER41738 , DE-SC0006605 , DE-AC52-07NA27344 , the US National Science Foundation under Award nos. PHYS-0750671 , PHY-0707051 , PHY-0801536 , PHY-1004661 , PHY-1102470 , PHY-1003660 , the Research Corporation Grant RA0350 , the Center for Ultra-low Background Experiments at DUSEL (CUBED), and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT). We gratefully acknowledge the logistical and technical support and the access to laboratory infrastructure provided to us by the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) and its personnel at Lead, South Dakota.",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "709",

pages = "29--36",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Cahn, SB, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Clark, K, Classen, T, Curioni, A, Dahl, CE, Dazeley, S, De Viveiros, L, Dragowsky, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Hall, C, Faham, C, Holbrook, B, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Kwong, J, Lander, R, Leonard, D, Malling, D, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D, Mock, J, Morii, M, Nikkel, JA, Phelps, P, Shutt, T, Skulski, W, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Steigler, T, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, J, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M & Zhang, C 2013, 'The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 709, pp. 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

TY - JOUR

T1 - The LUX prototype detector

T2 - Heat exchanger development

AU - Akerib, D. S.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Bedikian, S.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Bolozdynya, A.

AU - Bradley, A.

AU - Cahn, S. B.

AU - Carr, D.

AU - Chapman, J. J.

AU - Clark, K.

AU - Classen, T.

AU - Curioni, A.

AU - Dahl, C. E.

AU - Dazeley, S.

AU - De Viveiros, L.

AU - Dragowsky, M.

AU - Druszkiewicz, E.

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Hall, C.

AU - Faham, C.

AU - Holbrook, B.

AU - Kastens, L.

AU - Kazkaz, K.

AU - Kwong, J.

AU - Lander, R.

AU - Leonard, D.

AU - Malling, D.

AU - Mannino, R.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - Mei, D.

AU - Mock, J.

AU - Morii, M.

AU - Nikkel, J. A.

AU - Phelps, P.

AU - Shutt, T.

AU - Skulski, W.

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Spaans, J.

AU - Steigler, T.

AU - Svoboda, R.

AU - Sweany, M.

AU - Thomson, J.

AU - Tripathi, M.

AU - Walsh, N.

AU - Webb, R.

AU - White, J.

AU - Wolfs, F. L.H.

AU - Woods, M.

AU - Zhang, C.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Award nos. DE-FG02-08ER41549 , DE-FG02-91ER40688 , DOE, DE-FG02-95ER40917 , DE-FG02-91ER40674 , DE-FG02-11ER41738 , DE-SC0006605 , DE-AC52-07NA27344 , the US National Science Foundation under Award nos. PHYS-0750671 , PHY-0707051 , PHY-0801536 , PHY-1004661 , PHY-1102470 , PHY-1003660 , the Research Corporation Grant RA0350 , the Center for Ultra-low Background Experiments at DUSEL (CUBED), and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT). We gratefully acknowledge the logistical and technical support and the access to laboratory infrastructure provided to us by the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) and its personnel at Lead, South Dakota.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - The LUX (large underground xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large (>1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 m to be achieved in approximately 2 days and sustained for the duration of the testing period.

AB - The LUX (large underground xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large (>1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 m to be achieved in approximately 2 days and sustained for the duration of the testing period.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874099534&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84874099534&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.036

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84874099534

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 709

SP - 29

EP - 36

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

ER -

The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development

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