TY - JOUR
T1 - The Mediterranean diet and 2-year change in cognitive function by status of type 2 diabetes and glycemic control
AU - Mattei, Josiemer
AU - Bigornia, Sherman J.
AU - Sotos-Prieto, Mercedes
AU - Scott, Tammy
AU - Gao, Xiang
AU - Tucker, Katherine L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding. This study was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant P50-HL105185), the National Institute on Aging (grants P01-AG023394 and R01-AG055948 to K.L.T.), and a Mentored Career Development Award to Promote Faculty Diversity in Biomedical Research from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01-HL120951 to J.M.). Additional support was obtained from Harvard Catalyst of the Harvard University Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Center for Research Resources and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences award UL1-TR001102), financial contributions from Harvard University and its affiliated academic health care centers, and the New York Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research (DK111022). Duality of Interest. No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. Author Contributions. J.M. designed the research, performed statistical analysis, and wrote the manuscript. S.J.B., M.S.-P., T.S., and X.G. contributed to data analysis and to interpretation of results. K.L.T. is the principal investigator of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study and contributed to research design and interpretation of results. All authors contributed meaningfully to this manuscript and approved the final version. J.M. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Prior Presentation. Parts of this work were presented in abstract form at the 78th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, Orlando, FL, 22–26 June 2018.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE To determine associations of a Mediterranean diet score (MeDS) with 2-year change in cognitive function by type 2 diabetes and glycemic control status and contrast it against other diet quality scores. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the longitudinal Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 913; 42.6% with type 2 diabetes at 2 years). Glycemic control at baseline was categorized as uncontrolled (hemoglobin A1c ‡7% [53 mmol/mol]) versus controlled. Two-year change in glycemic control was defined as stable/improved versus poor/declined. We defined MeDS, Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores. Adjusted mixed linear models assessed 2-year change in global cognitive function z score, executive and memory function, and nine individual cognitive tests. RESULTS Higher MeDS, but no other diet quality score, was associated with higher 2-year change in global cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes (b 6 SE = 0.027 6 0.011; P = 0.016) but not in those without (P = 0.80). Similar results were noted for Mini-Mental State Examination, word recognition, digit span, and clock drawing tests. Results remained consistent for individuals under glycemic control at baseline (0.062 6 0.020; P = 0.004) and stable/improved over 2 years (0.053 6 0.019; P = 0.007), but not for individuals with uncontrolled or poor/declined glycemic control. All diet quality scores were associated with higher 2-year memory function in adults without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Both adhering to a Mediterranean diet and effectively managing type 2 diabetes may support optimal cognitive function. Healthy diets, in general, can help improve memory function among adults without type 2 diabetes.
AB - OBJECTIVE To determine associations of a Mediterranean diet score (MeDS) with 2-year change in cognitive function by type 2 diabetes and glycemic control status and contrast it against other diet quality scores. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the longitudinal Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 913; 42.6% with type 2 diabetes at 2 years). Glycemic control at baseline was categorized as uncontrolled (hemoglobin A1c ‡7% [53 mmol/mol]) versus controlled. Two-year change in glycemic control was defined as stable/improved versus poor/declined. We defined MeDS, Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores. Adjusted mixed linear models assessed 2-year change in global cognitive function z score, executive and memory function, and nine individual cognitive tests. RESULTS Higher MeDS, but no other diet quality score, was associated with higher 2-year change in global cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes (b 6 SE = 0.027 6 0.011; P = 0.016) but not in those without (P = 0.80). Similar results were noted for Mini-Mental State Examination, word recognition, digit span, and clock drawing tests. Results remained consistent for individuals under glycemic control at baseline (0.062 6 0.020; P = 0.004) and stable/improved over 2 years (0.053 6 0.019; P = 0.007), but not for individuals with uncontrolled or poor/declined glycemic control. All diet quality scores were associated with higher 2-year memory function in adults without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Both adhering to a Mediterranean diet and effectively managing type 2 diabetes may support optimal cognitive function. Healthy diets, in general, can help improve memory function among adults without type 2 diabetes.
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U2 - 10.2337/dc19-0130
DO - 10.2337/dc19-0130
M3 - Article
C2 - 31123154
AN - SCOPUS:85070183996
SN - 1935-5548
VL - 42
SP - 1372
EP - 1379
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
IS - 8
ER -