Three paradigms for the study of multi-person and human-machine interaction

Three experimental paradigms used to study human-to-human and human-to-intelligent-machine relationships within a distributed decision-making environment are briefly described. Each approach focuses on different aspects of fusing multiple sources of knowledge into a coherent decision-making system. The first approach uses a computer-based team resource allocation problem to study dynamic team decision-making. The second approach uses the communication, command, and control (C3) interactive task for identifying emerging situations to study the effect of electronic media on group cohesion, situation awareness and task performance. The third approach, cooperative systems methodology, proposes a methodology for integrating human decision-making with cooperative expert systems.